_{Publications:
Department for Human Perception, Cognition & Action}

Gegenfurtner, K.: Visual Perception: Reflections on colour constancy. Nature 402 (6764), pp. 855 - 856 (1999)

O'Toole, A.; Price, T.; Vetter, T.; Bartlett, J.; Blanz, V.: 3D shape and 2D surface textures of human faces: the role of “averages” in attractiveness and age. Image and Vision Computing 18 (1), pp. 9 - 19 (1999)

Christou, C.; Bülthoff, H.: View dependence in scene recognition after active learning. Memory & Cognition 27 (6), pp. 996 - 1007 (1999)

Reisbeck, T.; Gegenfurtner, K.: Velocity tuned mechanisms in human motion processing. Vision Research 39 (19), pp. 3267 - 3286 (1999)

O'Toole, A.; Vetter, T.; Blanz, V.: Three-dimensional shape and two-dimensional surface reflectance contributions to face recognition: an application of three-dimensional morphing. Vision Research 39 (18), pp. 3145 - 3155 (1999)

Schölkopf, B.; Mika, S.; Burges, C.; Knirsch, P.; Müller, K.-R.; Rätsch, G.; Smola, A.: Input space versus feature space in kernel-based methods. IEEE Transactions on Neural Networks 10 (5), pp. 1000 - 1017 (1999)

Tarr, M.; Kersten, D.; Bülthoff, H.: Why the visual recognition system might encode the effects of illumination. Vision Research 38 (15-16), pp. 2259 - 2275 (1999)

Rieger, J.; Gegenfurtner, K.: Contrast sensitivity and appearance in briefly presented illusory figures. Spatial Vision 12 (3), pp. 329 - 344 (1999)

Mallot, H.: Spatial cognition: Behavioral competences, neural mechanisms, and evolutionary scaling. Kognitionswissenschaft 8 (1), pp. 40 - 48 (1999)

Blanz, V.; Tarr, M.; Bülthoff, H.: What object attributes determine canonical views? Perception 28 (5), pp. 575 - 599 (1999)

Gegenfurtner, K.; Mayser, H.; Sharpe, L.: Seeing movement in the dark. Nature 398 (6727), pp. 475 - 476 (1999)

Rüttiger, L.; Braun, D.; Gegenfurtner, K.; Petersen, D.; Schönle, P.; Sharpe, L.: Selective Color Constancy Deficits after Circumscribed Unilateral Brain Lesions. The Journal of Neuroscience 19 (8), pp. 3094 - 3106 (1999)

Troje, N.; Kersten, D.: Viewpoint-dependent recognition of familiar faces. Perception 28 (4), pp. 483 - 487 (1999)

Gegenfurtner, K.: Neurobiology: The eyes have it! Nature 398 (6725), pp. 291 - 292 (1999)

Kammer, T.; Lehr, L.; Kirschfeld, K.: Cortical visual processing is temporally dispersed by luminance in human subjects. Neuroscience Letters 263 (2-3), pp. 133 - 136 (1999)

Troje, N.; Huber, L.; Loidolt , M.; Aust, U.; Fieder, M.: Categorical learning in pigeons: the role of texture and shape in complex static stimuli. Vision Research 39 (2), pp. 353 - 366 (1999)

Edelman, S.; Bülthoff, H.; Bülthoff, I.: Effects of parametric manipulation of inter-stimulus similarity on 3D object categorization. Spatial Vision 12 (1), pp. 107 - 123 (1999)

Miller, J.; Franz, V.; Ulrich, R.: Effects of auditory stimulus intensity on response force in simple, go/no-go, and choice RT tasks. Perception and Psychophysics 61 (1), pp. 107 - 119 (1999)

Wallis, G.; Bülthoff, H.: Learning to recognize objects. Trends in Cognitive Sciences 3 (1), pp. 22 - 31 (1999)

Tarr, M.; Bülthoff, H.: Object Recognition in Man, Monkey, and Machine. MIT Press, Cambridge, MA, USA (1999), 217 pp.

Gegenfurtner, K.; Sharpe, L.: Color Vision: From Genes to Perception. Cambridge University Press, Cambridge, UK (1999), 492 pp.

Restat, J.: Kognitive Kinästhetik: Die modale Grundlage der amodalen Raumkognition. Pabst, Lengerich, Germany (1999), 344 pp.

Hengstenberg, R.: Biological sensors: Controlling the fly's gyroscopes. In: (1999)

Mallot, H.: Stereopsis: Geometrical and global aspects. In: Handbook of computer vision and applications Vol. 2: Signal processing and pattern recognition, pp. 485 - 502 (Eds. Jähne, B.; Haussecker, H.; Geissler, P.). Academic Press, San Diego, CA, USA (1999)

Vetter, T.: Flexible Models of Human Faces for the Analysis and Synthesis of Images. In: Handbook of Computer Vision and Applications: Volume 3: Systems and Application, 24, pp. 501 - 514 (Eds. Jähne, B.; Haussecker, H.; Geissler, P.). Academic Press, San Diego, CA, USA (1999)

Beiträge zur 2. Tübinger Wahrnehmungskonferenz. 2. Tübinger Wahrnehmungskonferenz (TWK 1999), Tübingen, Germany, February 26, 1999 - February 28, 1999. Knirsch, Kirchentellinsfurt, Germany (1999), 134 pp.

Advances in Kernel Methods: Support Vector Learning. Eleventh Annual Conference on Neural Information Processing (NIPS 1997), Breckenridge, CO, USA, December 01, 1997 - December 06, 1997. MIT Press, Cambridge, MA, USA (1999), 376 pp.

Franz, M.; Neumann, T.; Plagge, M.; Mallot, H.; Zell, A.: Can fly tangential neurons be used to estimate self-motion? In: Ninth International Conference on Artificial Neural Networks ICANN 99, pp. 994 - 999. Ninth International Conference on Artificial Neural Networks (ICANN 1999), Edinburgh, UK, September 07, 1999 - September 10, 1999. Institute of Electrical Engineers, London, UK (1999)

Wallraven, C.; Blanz, V.; Vetter, T.: 3D-reconstruction of faces: Combining stereo with class-based knowledge. In: Mustererkennung 1999: 21. DAGM-Symposium Bonn, 15.–17. September 1999, pp. 405 - 412 (Eds. Förstner, W.; Buhmann, J.; Faber, A.; Faber, P.). Mustererkennung 1999: 21. DAGM-Symposium, Bonn, Germany, September 15, 1999 - September 17, 1999. Springer, Berlin, Germany (1999)

Blanz, V.; Vetter, T.: A Morphable Model for the Synthesis of 3D Faces. In: SIGGRAPH '99: 26th Annual Conference on Computer Graphics and Interactive Techniques, pp. 187 - 194 (Ed. Rockwood, A.). 26th Annual Conference on Computer Graphics and Interactive Techniques (SIGGRAPH 1999 ), Los Angeles, CA, USA, August 08, 1999 - August 13, 1999. ACM Press, New York, NY, USA (1999)

Mallot, H.; Gillner, S.; Steck, S.; Franz, M.: Recognition-Triggered Response and the View-Graph Approach to Spatial Cognition. In: Spatial Information Theory. Cognitive and Computational Foundations of Geographic Information Science: International Conference COSIT’99 Stade, Germany, August 25–29, 1999, pp. 367 - 380 (Eds. Freksa, C.; mark, D.). International Conference on Spatial Information Theory: Cognitive and Computational Foundations of Geographic Information Science (COSIT 1999), Stade, Germany, August 25, 1999 - August 29, 1999. Springer, Berlin, Germany (1999)

Pelz, J.; Hayhoe, M.; Ballard, D.; Shrivastava, A.; Bayliss, J.; von der Heyde, M.: Development of a virtual laboratory for the study of complex human behavior. In: Stereoscopic Displays and Virtual Reality Systems VI, pp. 416 - 426 (Eds. Merritt, J.; Bolas, M.; Fisher, S.). SPIE Conference on Electronic Imaging 1999, San Jose, CA, USA, January 23, 1999 - January 29, 1999. SPIE, Bellingham, WA, USA (1999)

Müller, K.-R.; Smola, A.; Rätsch, G.; Schölkopf, B.; Kohlmorgen, J.; Vapnik, V.: Using support vector machines for time series prediction. In: Advances in kernel methods: support vector learning, pp. 243 - 253 (Eds. Schölkopf, B.; Burges, C.; Smola, A.). Eleventh Annual Conference on Neural Information Processing (NIPS 1997), Breckenridge, CO, USA, December 01, 1997 - December 06, 1997. MIT Press, Cambridge, MA, USA (1999)

Schölkopf, B.; Burges, C.; Smola, A.: Introduction to support vector learning. In: Advances in kernel methods: support vector learning, pp. 1 - 15 (Eds. Schölkopf, B.; Burges, C.; Smola, A.). Eleventh Annual Conference on Neural Information Processing (NIPS 1997), Breckenridge, CO, USA, December 01, 1997 - December 06, 1997. MIT Press, Cambridge, MA, USA (1999)

Schölkopf, B.; Burges, C.; Smola, A.: Roadmap. In: Advances in kernel methods: support vector learning, pp. 17 - 22 (Eds. Schölkopf, B.; Burges, C.; Smola, A.). Eleventh Annual Conference on Neural Information Processing (NIPS 1997), Breckenridge, CO, USA, December 01, 1997 - December 06, 1997. MIT Press, Cambridge, MA, USA (1999)

Schölkopf, B.; Smola, A.; Müller, K.-R.: Kernel principal component analysis. In: Advances in kernel methods: support vector learning, pp. 327 - 352 (Eds. Schölkopf, B.; Burges, C.; Smola, A.). Eleventh Annual Conference on Neural Information Processing (NIPS 1997), Breckenridge, CO, USA, December 01, 1997 - December 06, 1997. MIT Press, Cambridge, MA, USA (1999)

Williamson, R.; Smola, A.; Schölkopf, B.: Entropy numbers, operators and support vector kernels. In: Advances in kernel methods: support vector learning, pp. 127 - 144 (Eds. Schölkopf, B.; Burges, C.; Smola, A.). Eleventh Annual Conference on Neural Information Processing (NIPS 1997), Breckenridge, CO, USA, December 01, 1997 - December 06, 1997. MIT Press, Cambridge, MA, USA (1999)

Chatziastros, A.; Wallis, G.; Bülthoff, H.: The effect of field of view and surface texture on driver steering performance. In: Vision in Vehicles VII, pp. 253 - 259 (Eds. Gale, A.; Brown, I.; Haslegrave, C.; Taylor, S.). 7th International Conference on Vision in Vehicles (VIV 1997), Marseille, France. Elsevier, Amsterdam, The Netherlands (1999)

O'Toole, A.; Blanz, V.; Vetter, T.; Wild, H.: On the other-side of the mean: Perceiving the dissimilarity of faces. In Abstracts of the Psychonomic Society, 4, 158, p. 23. 40th Annual Meeting of the Psychonomic Society, Los Angeles, CA, USA, November 18, 1999 - November 21, 1999. (1999)

Mallot, H.: Der Kognitionsbegriff aus der Sicht der Verhaltens- und Neurobiologie. In KogWis 99: 4. Fachtagung der Gesellschaft für Kognitionswissenschaft, p. 328 (Eds. Wachsmuth, I.; Jung, B.). 4. Fachtagung der Gesellschaft für Kognitionswissenschaft (KogWis 1999), Bielefeld, Germany, September 28, 1999 - October 01, 1999. Infix, Sankt Augustin, Germany (1999)

Pavlova, M.; Lutzenberger, W.; Sokolov, A.; Preissl, H.; Braun, C.; Birbaumer, N.: Point-light walker yields greater MEG gamma activity than scrambled or inverted figures. In Perception, 28 (ECVP Abstract Supplement), pp. 52 - 53. 22nd European Conference on Visual Perception (ECVP 1999), Trieste, Italy, August 22, 1999 - August 26, 1999. Pion Ltd., London (1999)

Rieger, J.; Gegenfurtner, K.; Braun, C.; Preissl, H.; Bülthoff, H.: Physiological basis of backward masking in scene recognition. In Perception, 28 (ECVP Abstract Supplement), p. 9. 22nd European Conference on Visual Perception (ECVP 1999), Trieste, Italy, August 22, 1999 - August 26, 1999. Pion Ltd., London (1999)

Rinner, O.; Gegenfurtner, K.: Time course of adaptation for colour appearance and discrimination. In Perception, 28 (ECVP Abstract Supplement), p. 32. 22nd European Conference on Visual Perception (ECVP 1999), Trieste, Italy, August 22, 1999 - August 26, 1999. Pion Ltd., London (1999)

Thorpe, S.; Gegenfurtner, K.; Fabre-Thorpe, M.; Bülthoff, H.: Categorisation of complex natural images in extreme peripheral vision. In Perception, 28 (ECVP Abstract Supplement), p. 61. 22nd European Conference on Visual Perception (ECVP 1999), Trieste, Italy, August 22, 1999 - August 26, 1999. Pion Ltd., London (1999)

Vetter, T.: Machine analysis and synthesis of face images. In Beiträge zur 2. Tübinger Wahrnehmungskonferenz, p. 38 (Eds. Bülthoff, H.; Fahle, M.; Gegenfurtner, K.; Mallot, H.). 2. Tübinger Wahrnehmungskonferenz (TWK 1999), Tübingen, Germany, February 26, 1999 - February 28, 1999. Knirsch, Kirchentellinsfurt, Germany (1999)

Bülthoff, H.: Die Welt in unseren Köpfen: Sehen und Erkennen in Natur und Technik. Universität Kaiserslautern: Studium Integrale, Kaiserslautern, Germany (1999)

Bülthoff, H.: How to cheat and get away with it or what computer graphics can learn from human psychophysics. Eberhard-Karls Universität, Wilhelm-Schickard Institut für Informatik (WSI-GRIS), Tübingen, Germany (1999)

Bülthoff, H.: Die Welt in unseren Köpfen: Sehen und Erkennen in Natur und Technik. Symposium "Turm der Sinne", Nürnberg, Germany (1999)

Bülthoff, H.: Recognition of objects and scenes in virtual and real environments. Smith-Kettlewell Institute, San Francisco, CA, USA (1999)

Bülthoff, H.: Image-based strategies in man, monkeys, and machines. 26th International Conference on Computer Graphics and Interactive Techniques (SIGGRAPH 99), Los Angeles, CA, USA (1999)

Bülthoff, H.: Multisensory recognition of objects and scenes. ATR Symposium on Face and Object Recognition, Kyoto, Japan (1999)

Bülthoff, H.: Virtuelle Realität: ein methodisches Werkzeug bei Untersuchungen des Sehsystems. Neurologische Klinik, Freiburg, Germany (1999)

Bülthoff, H.: Using virtual reality technology to study the human representation of space and objects. Werner Reimers Stiftung, Bad Homburg, Germany (1999)

Bülthoff, H.: Die hohe Kunst des Sehens: Erkennen in Natur und Technik. Hospitalhof Stuttgart: Evangelisches Bildungswerk, Stuttgart, Germany (1999)

Ernst, M.; Banks, M.; Bülthoff, H.: Haptic feedback affects visual perception of surfaces. 22nd European Conference on Visual Perception (ECVP 1999), Trieste, Italy (1999)

Franz, V.; Gegenfurtner, K.; Bülthoff, H.; Fahle, M.: Der Einfluß von Größenillusionen auf das Greifen: Die Müller-Lyer Illusion. 41. Tagung Experimentell Arbeitender Psychologen (TeaP 1999), Leipzig, Germany (1999)

Riecke, B.; van Veen, H.; Bülthoff, H.: Is homing by optic flow possible? 6th Annual Meeting of the Cognitive Neuroscience Society, Hanover, NH, USA (1999)

Steck, S.; Mallot, H.: Different Strategies of Global and Local Landmark Usage in Virtual Environment Navigation. 6th Annual Meeting of the Cognitive Neuroscience Society, Hanover, NH, USA (1999)

Bülthoff, H.; Ernst, M.; Newell, F.; Tjan, B.: Visual and haptic recognition of objects: Effects of viewpoint. Annual Meeting of the Association for Research in Vision and Ophthalmology (ARVO 1999), Fort Lauderdale, FL, USA (1999)

Cunningham, D.; Tsou, B.: Sensorimotor adaptation to temporally displaced feedback. Annual Meeting of the Association for Research in Vision and Ophthalmology (ARVO 1999), Fort Lauderdale, FL, USA (1999)

Ernst, M.; Banks, M.; Bülthoff, H.: Haptic feedback affects slant perception. Annual Meeting of the Association for Research in Vision and Ophthalmology (ARVO 1999), Fort Lauderdale, FL, USA (1999)

Franz, V.; Fahle, M.; Gegenfurtner, K.; Bülthoff, H.: Grasping visual illusions: No difference between perception and action? Annual Meeting of the Association for Research in Vision and Ophthalmology (ARVO 1999), Fort Lauderdale, FL, USA (1999)

Rieger, J.; Gegenfurtner, K.; Braun, C.; Preissl, H.; Bülthoff, H.: Backwards masking in visual scene recognition: A MEG study. Annual Meeting of the Association for Research in Vision and Ophthalmology (ARVO 1999), Fort Lauderdale, FL, USA (1999)

Rinner, O.; Gegenfurtner, K.: Time course of adaptation for color discrimination and appearance. Annual Meeting of the Association for Research in Vision and Ophthalmology (ARVO 1999), Fort Lauderdale, FL, USA (1999)

Scott, B.; Gegenfurtner, K.; Hawken, M.: Comparison of oculometric and psychometric functions for velocity discrimination of chromatic and luminance targets. Annual Meeting of the Association for Research in Vision and Ophthalmology (ARVO 1999), Fort Lauderdale, FL, USA (1999)

Tjan, B.; Ruppertsberg, A.; Bülthoff, H.: Early use of color but not local structure in rapid scene perception. Annual Meeting of the Association for Research in Vision and Ophthalmology (ARVO 1999), Fort Lauderdale, FL, USA (1999)

van Veen, H.; Riecke, B.; Bülthoff, H.: Visual homing to a virtual home. Annual Meeting of the Association for Research in Vision and Ophthalmology (ARVO 1999), Fort Lauderdale, FL, USA (1999)

Bülthoff, I.; Newell, F.; Vetter, T.: Geschlechtswahrnehmung von Gesichtern, die durch 3D-Morph-Verfahren erzeugt wurden. 2. Tübinger Wahrnehmungskonferenz (TWK 1999), Tübingen, Germany (1999)

Ernst, M.; Newell, F.; Tjan, B.; Bülthoff, H.: Visual and haptic recognition of objects: effects of transfer and viewpoint. 2. Tübinger Wahrnehmungskonferenz (TWK 1999), Tübingen, Germany (1999)

Franz, V.; Gegenfurtner, K.; Bülthoff, H.; Fahle, M.: Optische Täuschungen: Wird die Hand weniger getäuscht als das Auge? 2. Tübinger Wahrnehmungskonferenz (TWK 1999), Tübingen, Germany (1999)

Kammer, T.; Lehr, L.; Kirschfeld, K.: Zeitliche Dispersion im Sehsystem des Menschen. 2. Tübinger Wahrnehmungskonferenz (TWK 1999), Tübingen, Germany (1999)

Mochnatzki, H.; Steck, S.; Mallot, H.: Geographic slant as a source of information in maze navigation. 2. Tübinger Wahrnehmungskonferenz (TWK 1999), Tübingen, Germany (1999)

Riecke, B.; van Veen, H.: Heimfinden in virtuellen Umgebungen. 2. Tübinger Wahrnehmungskonferenz (TWK 1999), Tübingen, Germany (1999)

Rieger, J.; Gegenfurtner, K.; Braun , C.; Preissl, H.; Bülthoff, H.: Eine MEG-Untersuchung zur Rückwärtsmaskierung bei der Wiedererkennung natürlicher Szenen. 2. Tübinger Wahrnehmungskonferenz (TWK 1999), Tübingen, Germany (1999)

Rinner, O.; Gegenfurtner, K.: Zeitverlauf der Adaptation für chromatische Diskrimination und Farberscheinung. 2. Tübinger Wahrnehmungskonferenz (TWK 1999), Tübingen, Germany (1999)

Ruppertsberg, A.; Vetter, T.; Bülthoff, H.: Asymmetrical face perception with in-depth rotated faces. 2. Tübinger Wahrnehmungskonferenz (TWK 1999), Tübingen, Germany (1999)

Steck, S.; Mallot, H.: Navigation in virtuellen Umgebungen: Untersuchung verschiedener Navigationsstrategien mit lokalen und globalen Landmarken. 2. Tübinger Wahrnehmungskonferenz (TWK 1999), Tübingen, Germany (1999)

van Veen, H.; Bülthoff, H.; Givaty, G.: Psychophysical experiments on the internet. 2. Tübinger Wahrnehmungskonferenz (TWK 1999), Tübingen, Germany (1999)

Brouwer, A.; Brenner, E.; Smeets, J.: Handsnelheid in een interceptietaak. (1999)

Neumann, T.; Bülthoff, H.: Minimalistic 3D obstacle avoidance from simulated evolution. Workshop on Navigation in Biological and Artificial Systems, Tübingen, Germany (1999)

Franz, M.: Minimalistic visual navigation. Dissertation, 150 pp., VDI-Verlag, Düsseldorf, Germany (1999)

Ruppertsberg, A.: Die visuelle Wahrnehmung von Merkmalen in Szenen und Gesichtern. Dissertation, 118 pp., Knirsch, Kirchentellinsfurt, Germany (1999)

Mochnatzki, H.: Die Rolle von Hangneigungen beim Aufbau eines Ortsgedächtnis: Verhaltensversuche in virtuellen Umgebungen. Diploma, Eberhard-Karls-Universität, Tübingen, Germany (1999)

Wallraven, C.: Ein modellbasiertes Stereosystem zur dreidimensionalen Rekonstruktion von Gesichtern. Diploma, 77 pp., Eberhard-Karls-Universität, Tübingen, Germany (1999)

Bülthoff, H.; van Veen, H.: Vision and Action in Virtual Environments: Modern Psychophysics in Spatial Cognition Research (Technical Report of the Max Planck Institute for Biological Cybernetics, 77). Max Planck Institute for Biological Cybernetics, Tübingen, Germany (1999), 14 pp.

Gegenfurtner, K.; Mayser, H.; Sharpe, L.: Motion Perception at Scotopic Light Levels (Technical Report of the Max Planck Institute for Biological Cybernetics, 76). Max Planck Institute for Biological Cybernetics, Tübingen, Germany (1999), 17 pp.

Christou, C.; Bülthoff, H.: The perception of spatial layout in a virtual world (Technical Report of the Max Planck Institute for Biological Cybernetics, 75). Max Planck Institute for Biological Cybernetics, Tübingen, Germany (1999), 10 pp.

Franz, V.; Fahle, M.; Bülthoff, H.; Gegenfurtner, K.: The Effects of Visual Illusions on Grasping (Technical Report of the Max Planck Institute for Biological Cybernetics, 74). Max Planck Institute for Biological Cybernetics, Tübingen, Germany (1999), 21 pp.

Chatziastros, A.; Wallis, G.; Bülthoff, H.: The effect of field of view and surface texture on driver steering performance (Technical Report of the Max Planck Institute for Biological Cybernetics, 71). Max Planck Institute for Biological Cybernetics, Tübingen, Germany (1999), 7 pp.

Chatziastros, A.; Wallis, G.; Bülthoff, H.: The use of optical flow and splay angle in steering a central path (Technical Report of the Max Planck Institute for Biological Cybernetics, 72). Max Planck Institute for Biological Cybernetics, Tübingen, Germany (1999), 10 pp.

Langer, M.: A model of how interreflections can affect color appearance (Technical Report of the Max Planck Institute for Biological Cybernetics, 70). Max Planck Institute for Biological Cybernetics, Tübingen, Germany (1999), 6 pp.

Langer, M.; Bülthoff, H.: Perception of shape from shading on a cloudy day (Technical Report of the Max Planck Institute for Biological Cybernetics, 73). Max Planck Institute for Biological Cybernetics, Tübingen, Germany (1999), 14 pp.

Rinner, O.; Gegenfurtner, K.: Time course of chromatic adaptation for color appearance and discrimination (Technical Report of the Max Planck Institute for Biological Cybernetics, 69). Max Planck Institute for Biological Cybernetics, Tübingen, Germany (1999), 17 pp.

Christou, C.; Tjan, B.; Bülthoff, H.: Viewpoint information provided by a familiar environment facilitates object identification (Technical Report of the Max Planck Institute for Biological Cybernetics, 68). Max Planck Institute for Biological Cybernetics, Tübingen, Germany (1999), 15 pp.

Franz, V.; Gegenfurtner, K.; Bülthoff, H.; Fahle, M.: Grasping visual illusions: No evidence for a dissociation between perception and action (Technical Report of the Max Planck Institute for Biological Cybernetics, 67). Max Planck Institute for Biological Cybernetics, Tübingen, Germany (1999)