% 
% This file was created by the Typo3 extension
% sevenpack version 0.7.14
% 
% --- Timezone: CEST
% Creation date: 2013-05-19
% Creation time: 15-29-36
% --- Number of references
% 20
% 

@Article { KayserR2012,
   title = {Suppressive Competition: How Sounds May Cheat Sight},
   journal = {Neuron},
   year = {2012},
   month = {2},
   volume = {73},
   number = {4},
   pages = {627–629},
   abstract = {In this issue of Neuron, Iurilli et al. (2012) demonstrate that auditory cortex activation directly engages local GABAergic circuits in V1 to induce sound-driven hyperpolarizations in layer 2/3 and layer 6 pyramidal neurons. Thereby, sounds can directly suppress V1 activity and visual driven behavior.},
   department = {Research Group Kayser},
   department2 = {Department Logothetis},
   web_url = {http://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S0896627312001262},
   DOI = {10.1016/j.neuron.2012.02.001},
   author = {Kayser, C and Remedios, R}
}

@Article { 6738,
   title = {Unimodal responses prevail within the multisensory claustrum},
   journal = {Journal of Neuroscience},
   year = {2010},
   month = {9},
   volume = {30},
   number = {39},
   pages = {12902-12907},
   abstract = {The claustrum receives afferent inputs from multiple sensory-related brain areas, prompting speculation about a role in integrating information across sensory modalities. Here we directly test this hypothesis by probing neurons in the primate claustrum for functional characteristics of multisensory processing. To this end we recorded neuronal responses to naturalistic audio-visual stimuli from the claustra of alert monkeys. Our results reveal the existence of distinct claustral zones comprised of unimodal neurons associated with the auditory and visual modalities. In a visual zone within the ventral claustrum neurons responded to visual stimuli but not to sounds, whereas in an auditory zone located within the central claustrum neurons responded to sounds but not to visual stimuli. Importantly, we find that neurons within either zone are not influenced by stimuli in the other modality and do not exhibit the typical response characteristics usually associated with multisensory processing. While these results co
nfirm the notion of the claustrum as a multisensory structure per se, they argue against the hypothesis of the claustrum serving as an integrator of sensory information.},
   department = {Department Logothetis},
   department2 = {Research Group Kayser},
   web_url = {http://www.jneurosci.org/cgi/reprint/30/39/12902},
   institute = {Biologische Kybernetik},
   organization = {Max-Planck-Gesellschaft},
   language = {en},
   DOI = {10.1523/JNEUROSCI.2937-10.2010},
   author = {Remedios, R and Logothetis, NK and Kayser, C}
}

@Article { 6046,
   title = {Monkey drumming reveals common networks for perceiving vocal and nonvocal communication sounds},
   journal = {Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America},
   year = {2009},
   month = {10},
   volume = {106},
   number = {42},
   pages = {18010-18015},
   abstract = {Salient sounds such as those created by drumming can serve as means of nonvocal acoustic communication in addition to vocal sounds. Despite the ubiquity of drumming across human cultures, its origins and the brain regions specialized in processing such signals remain unexplored. Here, we report that an important animal model for vocal communication, the macaque monkey, also displays drumming behavior, and we exploit this finding to show that vocal and nonvocal communication sounds are represented by overlapping networks in the brain's temporal lobe. Observing social macaque groups, we found that these animals use artificial objects to produce salient periodic sounds, similar to acoustic gestures. Behavioral tests confirmed that these drumming sounds attract the attention of listening monkeys similarly as conspecific vocalizations. Furthermore, in a preferential looking experiment, drumming sounds influenced the way monkeys viewed their conspecifics, suggesting that drumming serves as a multimodal signal of social dominance. Finally, by using high-resolution functional imaging we identified those brain regions preferentially activated by drumming sounds or by vocalizations and found that the representations of both these communication sounds overlap in caudal auditory cortex and the amygdala. The similar behavioral responses to drumming and vocal sounds, and their shared neural representation, suggest a common origin of primate vocal and nonvocal communication systems and support the notion of a gestural origin of speech and music.},
   url = {http://www.kyb.tuebingen.mpg.de/fileadmin/user_upload/files/publications/Remedios\%20et\%20al\%202009\%20Monkey\%20Drumming\%20(with\%20supp\%20info)_6046[0].pdf},
   department = {Department Logothetis},
   department2 = {Research Group Kayser},
   web_url = {http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC2755465/pdf/pnas.0909756106.pdf},
   institute = {Biologische Kybernetik},
   organization = {Max-Planck-Gesellschaft},
   language = {en},
   DOI = {10.1073/pnas.0909756106},
   author = {Remedios, R and Logothetis, NK and Kayser, C}
}

@Article { 5866,
   title = {Signals from the Edges: The Cortical Hem and Antihem in telencephalic development},
   journal = {Seminars in Cell and Developmental Biology},
   year = {2009},
   month = {8},
   volume = {20},
   number = {6},
   pages = {712-718},
   abstract = {The early cortical primordium develops from a sheet of neuroepithelium that is flanked by distinct signaling centers. Of these, the hem and the antihem are positioned as longitudinal stripes, running rostro-caudally along the medial and lateral faces, respectively, of each telencepahlic hemisphere. In this review we examine the similarities and differences in how these two signaling centers arise, their roles in patterning adjacent tissues, and the cells and structures they contribute to. Since both the hem and the antihem have been identified across many vertebrate phyla, they appear to be part of an evolutionary conserved set of mechanisms that play fundamental roles in forebrain development.},
   web_url = {http://www.sciencedirect.com/science?_ob=ArticleURL\&_udi=B6WX0-4W1SRV1-3\&_user=29041\&_rdoc=1\&_fmt=\&_orig=search\&_sort=d\&_docanchor=\&view=c\&_acct=C000003178\&_version=1\&_urlVersion=0\&_userid=29041\&md5=bc5f},
   institute = {Biologische Kybernetik},
   organization = {Max-Planck-Gesellschaft},
   language = {en},
   DOI = {10.1016/j.semcdb.2009.04.001},
   author = {Subramanian, L and Remedios, R and Shetty, A and Tole, S}
}

@Article { 5640,
   title = {An auditory region in the primate insular cortex responding preferentially to vocal communication sounds},
   journal = {Journal of Neuroscience},
   year = {2009},
   month = {1},
   volume = {29},
   number = {4},
   pages = {1034-1045},
   abstract = {Human imaging studies implicate the insular cortex in processing complex sounds and vocal communication signals such as speech. In addition, lesions of the insula often manifest as deficits in sound or speech recognition (auditory agnosia) and speech production. While models of acoustic perception assign an important role to the insula, little is known about the underlying neuronal substrate. Studying a vocal primate we identified a predominantly auditory region in the caudal insula and therein discovered a neural representation of conspecific communication sounds. When probed with natural sounds insula neurons exhibited higher response selectivity than neurons in auditory cortex, and in contrast to these, responded preferentially to conspecific vocalizations. Importantly, insula neurons not only preferred conspecific vocalizations over a wide range of environmental sounds and other animal vocalizations, but also over acoustically manipulated versions of these, demonstrating that this preference for vocalizat
ions arises both from spectral and temporal features of the sounds. In addition, individual insula neurons responded highly selectively to only a few vocalizations and allowed the decoding of sound identity from single-trial responses. These findings characterize the caudal insula as a selectively responding auditory region, possibly part of a processing stream involved in the representation of communication sounds. Importantly, our results provide a neural counterpart for the human imaging and lesion findings and uncover a basis for a supposed role of the insula in processing vocal communication sounds such as speech.},
   department = {Department Logothetis},
   department2 = {Research Group Kayser},
   web_url = {http://www.jneurosci.org/cgi/reprint/29/4/1034},
   institute = {Biologische Kybernetik},
   organization = {Max-Planck-Gesellschaft},
   language = {en},
   DOI = {10.1523/JNEUROSCI.4089-08.2009},
   author = {Remedios, R and Logothetis, NK and Kayser, C}
}

@Article { 4666,
   title = {A stream of cells migrating from the caudal telencephalon reveals a link between the amygdala and neocortex},
   journal = {Nature Neuroscience},
   year = {2007},
   month = {9},
   volume = {10},
   number = {9},
   pages = {1141-1150},
   abstract = {The amygdaloid complex consists of diverse nuclei that belong to distinct functional systems, yet many issues about its
development are poorly understood. Here, we identify a stream of migrating cells that form specific amygdaloid nuclei in
mice. In utero electroporation showed that this caudal amygdaloid stream (CAS) originated in a unique domain at the caudal
telencephalic pole that is contiguous with the dorsal pallium, which was previously thought to generate only neocortical cells. The
CAS and the neocortex share mechanisms for specification (transcription factors Tbr1, Lhx2 and Emx1/2) and migration (reelin
and Cdk5). Reelin, a critical cue for migration in the neocortex, and Cdk5, which is specifically required for migration along radial
glia in the neocortex, were both selectively required for the normal migration of the CAS, but not for that of other amygdaloid
nuclei. This is first evidence of a dorsal pallial contribution to the amygdala, demonstrating a developmental and mechanistic link
between the amygdala and the neocortex.},
   url = {http://www.kyb.tuebingen.mpg.de/fileadmin/user_upload/files/publications/Remedios\%20et\%20al\%202007_4666[0].pdf},
   web_url = {http://www.nature.com/neuro/journal/v10/n9/pdf/nn1955.pdf},
   institute = {Biologische Kybernetik},
   organization = {Max-Planck-Gesellschaft},
   language = {en},
   DOI = {10.1038/nn1955},
   author = {Remedios, R and Huilgol, D and Saha, B and Hari, P and Bhatnagar, L and Kowalczyk, T and Hevner, RF and Suda, Y and Aizawa, S and Ohshima, T and Stoykova, A and Tole, S}
}

@Article { 4665,
   title = {Development of midline cell types and commissural axon tracts requires Fgfr1 in the cerebrum.},
   journal = {Developmental Biology},
   year = {2006},
   month = {1},
   volume = {289},
   number = {1},
   pages = {141-151},
   abstract = {The adult cerebral hemispheres are connected to each other by specialized midline cell types and by three axonal tracts: the corpus callosum, the hippocampal commissure, and the anterior commissure. Many steps are required for these tracts to form, including early patterning and later axon pathfinding steps. Here, the requirement for FGF signaling in forming midline cell types and commissural axon tracts of the cerebral hemispheres is examined. Fgfr1, but not Fgfr3, is found to be essential for establishing all three commissural tracts. In an Fgfr1 mutant, commissural neurons are present and initially project their axons, but these fail to cross the midline that separates the hemispheres. Moreover, midline patterning defects are observed in the mutant. These defects include the loss of the septum and three specialized glial cell types, the indusium griseum glia, midline zipper glia, and glial wedge. Our findings demonstrate that FGF signaling is required for generating telencephalic midline structures, in par
ticular septal and glial cell types and all three cerebral commissures. In addition, analysis of the Fgfr1 heterozygous mutant, in which midline patterning is normal but commissural defects still occur, suggests that at least two distinct FGF-dependent mechanisms underlie the formation of the cerebral commissures.},
   web_url = {http://www.sciencedirect.com/science?_ob=MImg\&_imagekey=B6WDG-4HMNG6J-5-1\&_cdi=6766\&_user=29041\&_orig=browse\&_coverDate=01\%2F01\%2F2006\&_sk=997109998\&view=c\&wchp=dGLzVzz-zSkWb\&md5=1218ff78c32696fccb2e8fbd1985bc79\&ie=/sdarticle.pdf},
   institute = {Biologische Kybernetik},
   organization = {Max-Planck-Gesellschaft},
   language = {en},
   DOI = {10.1016/j.ydbio.2005.10.020},
   author = {Tole, S and Gutin, G and Bhatnagar, L and Remedios, R and Hebert, JM}
}

@Article { 4664,
   title = {Selective requirement of Pax6, but not Emx2, in the specification and development of several nuclei of the amygdaloid complex},
   journal = {Journal of Neuroscience},
   year = {2005},
   month = {3},
   volume = {25},
   number = {10},
   pages = {2753},
   abstract = {The amygdaloid complex is a group of nuclei that are thought to originate from multiple sites of the dorsal and ventral telencephalic neuroepithelium. The mechanisms that regulate their development are essentially unknown. We studied the role of Pax6 and Emx2, two transcription factors that regulate regional specification and growth of the telencephalon, in the morphogenesis of the amygdaloid complex. We used a set of specific marker genes that identify distinct amygdaloid nuclei to analyze Pax6/Small eye and Emx2 knock-out mutant mouse brains. We found that there is a selective requirement for Pax6, but not Emx2, in the formation a subset of nuclei within the amygdaloid complex. Specifically, structures that were not previously considered to be developmentally linked, the nucleus of the lateral olfactory tract and the lateral, basolateral, and basomedial nuclei, all appear to have a common requirement for Pax6. Together, our findings provide new insights into the origins and mechanisms underlying the development of the amygdaloid complex.},
   url = {http://www.kyb.tuebingen.mpg.de/fileadmin/user_upload/files/publications/Tole\%20et\%20al\%202005_[0].pdf},
   web_url = {http://www.jneurosci.org/cgi/content/full/25/10/2753},
   institute = {Biologische Kybernetik},
   organization = {Max-Planck-Gesellschaft},
   DOI = {10.1523/​JNEUROSCI.3014-04.2005},
   author = {Tole, S and Remedios, R and Saha, B and Stoykova, A}
}

@Article { 4663,
   title = {LIM genes parcellate the embryonic amygdala and regulate its development},
   journal = {Journal of Neuroscience},
   year = {2004},
   month = {8},
   volume = {24},
   number = {31},
   pages = {6986-6990},
   abstract = {The mechanisms that regulate the development of the amygdaloid complex are as yet poorly understood. Here, we show that in the absence of the LIM-homeodomain (LIM-HD) gene Lhx2, a particular amygdaloid nucleus, the nucleus of the lateral olfactory tract (nLOT), is selectively disrupted. LIM family members are well suited for multiple roles in the development of complex structures because they participate in regulatory interactions that permit a diversity of function. To investigate the possible role for other LIM-HD genes as well as LIM-only (Lmo) genes in the developing amygdala, we examined their expression in the embryo. We show that amygdaloid nuclei upregulate distinct patterns of LIM gene expression from embryonic stages. This supports the hypothesis that LIM genes may participate in the mechanisms that control the development of the amygdala. The disruption of the nLOT in the Lhx2 mutant is the first evidence of a role for LIM-HD genes in the development of the amygdaloid complex. The combinatorial expression patterns of LIM genes suggest a comprehensive mechanism for patterning this structure.},
   url = {http://www.kyb.tuebingen.mpg.de/fileadmin/user_upload/files/publications/Remedios\%20et\%20al\%202004_[0].pdf},
   web_url = {http://www.jneurosci.org/cgi/content/full/24/31/6986},
   institute = {Biologische Kybernetik},
   organization = {Max-Planck-Gesellschaft},
   DOI = {10.1523/​JNEUROSCI.0001-04.2004},
   author = {Remedios, R and Subramanian, L and Tole, S}
}

@Article { 4662,
   title = {Expression of FGF receptors 1, 2, 3 in the embryonic and postnatal mouse brain compared with Pdgfralpha, Olig2 and Plp/dm20: implications for oligodendrocyte development.},
   journal = {Developmental Neuroscience},
   year = {2003},
   month = {3},
   volume = {25},
   number = {2-4},
   pages = {83-95},
   web_url = {http://content.karger.com/produktedb/produkte.asp?typ=fulltext\&file=DNE20030252_4083},
   institute = {Biologische Kybernetik},
   organization = {Max-Planck-Gesellschaft},
   author = {Bansal, R and Lakhina, V and Remedios, R and Tole, S}
}

@Inbook { 6030,
   title = {Multisensory Influences on Auditory Processing: Perspectives from fMRI and Electrophysiology},
   year = {2012},
   month = {1},
   pages = {99-114},
   abstract = {In this review, we discuss some of the results of early multisensory influences on auditory processing, and provide evidence that sensory integration occurs distributed and across several processing stages. In particular, we discuss some of the methodological aspects relevant for studies seeking to localize and characterize multisensory influences, and emphasize some of the recent results pertaining to speech and voice integration.},
   department = {Department Logothetis},
   department2 = {Research Group Kayser},
   web_url = {http://www.crcnetbase.com/doi/abs/10.1201/b11092-9},
   editor = {Murray, M. M. , M. T. Wallace},
   publisher = {CRC Press},
   address = {Boca Raton, FL, USA},
   series = {Frontiers in Neuroscience},
   booktitle = {The neural bases of multisensory processes},
   institute = {Biologische Kybernetik},
   organization = {Max-Planck-Gesellschaft},
   language = {en},
   ISBN = {978-1-439-81217-4},
   DOI = {10.1201/b11092-9},
   author = {Kayser, C and Petkov, C and Remedios, R and Logothetis, NK}
}

@Poster { 7059,
   title = {Vocal and non-vocal acoustic communication systems in the macaque brain},
   year = {2010},
   month = {11},
   volume = {40},
   number = {275.6},
   abstract = {Humans and non-human primates such as macaques possess brain regions dedicated to segregating and processing vocal communication sounds from the environment and encoding their meaning. Brain regions that are strongly activated by conspecific vocalizations encompass the auditory cortices and higher-level regions in the temporal and frontal lobes. However, human imaging studies also implicate other brain regions in processing complex sounds and vocal and non-vocal communication signals such as speech or music. Hence our overall goal is to investigate the neural basis of how communication signals are processed across these regions.
One such area activated to speech is the insular cortex. Studying a vocal primate we identified a predominantly auditory region in the caudal insula where neurons, when probed with a range of natural sounds, responded preferentially to conspecific vocalizations. This preference also existed over acoustically manipulated versions of these vocalizations, demonstrating insula sensitivity to the spectral and temporal features of these sounds. These findings characterize the caudal insula as an auditory region preferentially responding to vocal communication sounds.
We also identified a sub-region within the claustrum, a structure located beneath the insula and reciprocally connected to the entire cortex, which responded to acoustic stimuli. Neurons here displayed increased firing rates at the onset of stimulus presentation and not integrate audio-visual information. They did however respond preferentially to vocalizations or events that were highly salient suggesting a role for the claustrum in saliency detection.
Human acoustic communication is not restricted to vocal sounds, but also includes non-vocal sounds or acoustic gestures. Here we report that macaque monkeys display drumming behaviors that not only attract the attention of listening monkeys as similarly as conspecific vocalizations but also influence their social interactions. Using high-resolution functional imaging we identified brain regions preferentially activated by drumming sounds or vocalizations, and found that they are both represented in higher-order regions within the auditory cortex and the amygdala. These results suggest a common origin of primate vocal and non-vocal communication systems and a likely common origin of human speech and music.
Overall, we show that vocal communication sounds are processed not only in the auditory cortices but also in the insula and claustrum. Furthermore, specialized networks that evolved to process vocalizations are also used to process non-vocal communication sounds in a similar manner.},
   department = {Department Logothetis},
   department2 = {Research Group Kayser},
   web_url = {http://www.sfn.org/am2010/index.aspx?pagename=abstracts_main},
   institute = {Biologische Kybernetik},
   organization = {Max-Planck-Gesellschaft},
   event_place = {San Diego, CA, USA},
   event_name = {40th Annual Meeting of the Society for Neuroscience (Neuroscience 2010)},
   language = {en},
   author = {Remedios, R and Logothetis, NK and Kayser, C}
}

@Poster { 6166,
   title = {Non-vocal acoustic communication in macaques},
   journal = {Frontiers in Behavioral Neuroscience},
   year = {2009},
   month = {9},
   number = {Conference Abstract: 41st European Brain and Behaviour Society Meeting},
   abstract = {Drumming is an activity practiced across all human cultures. Its origin, however, remains unknown. Drumming behavior is also displayed by non-human primates, such as chimpanzees and gorillas, suggesting that the underlying neural substrate has propagated through primate evolution. Here we describe a similar behavior in captive macaque monkeys: these animals use artificial objects in their environment to produce loud and repetitive sounds. Although these drumming sounds deviate in their acoustic properties much from typical vocal sounds, behavioral tests demonstrate that they serve as acoustic communication signals. First, in a preferential orienting task, naive subjects orient towards drumming sounds as frequently as to conspecific vocalizations but more than to other environmental sounds. Second, when drumming sounds are accompanied by a video of a conspecific animal, subjects clearly attempt to communicate with this individual, and when passively listening to such sounds individuals often show increased hea
rt rate, suggesting that these sounds evoke emotional responses. Third, on investigating the neural networks underlying the perception of these drumming sounds using fMRI, we find that drumming sounds activate the same networks that are otherwise specialized for processing vocal communication sounds. Together, our results suggest that drumming originated in non-human primates as a form of non-vocal acoustic communication.},
   department = {Department Logothetis},
   department2 = {Research Group Kayser},
   web_url = {http://frontiersin.org/conferences/individual_abstract_listing.php?conferid=154\&pap=2444\&ind_abs=1\&pg=5},
   institute = {Biologische Kybernetik},
   organization = {Max-Planck-Gesellschaft},
   event_place = {Rhodos, Greece},
   event_name = {41st European Brain and Behaviour Society Meeting},
   language = {en},
   DOI = {10.3389/conf.neuro.08.2009.09.274},
   author = {Remedios, R and Logothetis, NK and Kayser, C}
}

@Poster { 6165,
   title = {Monkeys Communicate by Drumming},
   year = {2009},
   month = {6},
   abstract = {Drumming is an activity practiced across all human cultures. Its origin, however, remains unknown. Drumming behavior is also displayed by non-human primates, such as chimpanzees and gorillas, suggesting that the underlying neural substrate has propagated through primate evolution. Here we describe a similar behavior in captive macaque monkeys: these animals use artificial objects in their environment to produce loud and repetitive sounds. Although these drumming sounds deviate in their acoustic properties much from typical vocal sounds, behavioral tests demonstrate that they serve as acoustic communication signals. First, in a preferential orienting task, naive subjects orient towards drumming sounds as frequently as to conspecific vocalizations but more than to other environmental sounds. Second, when drumming sounds are accompanied by a video of a conspecific animal, subjects clearly attempt to communicate with this individual, and when passively listening to such sounds individuals often show increased hea
rt rate, suggesting that these sounds evoke emotional responses. Third, on investigating the neural networks underlying the perception of these drumming sounds using fMRI, we find that drumming sounds activate the same networks that are otherwise specialized for processing vocal communication sounds. Together, our results suggest that drumming originated in non-human primates as a form of non-vocal acoustic communication.},
   department = {Department Logothetis},
   department2 = {Research Group Kayser},
   web_url = {http://www.cimec.unitn.it/events/cogevo/09/},
   institute = {Biologische Kybernetik},
   organization = {Max-Planck-Gesellschaft},
   event_place = {Rovereto, Italy},
   event_name = {1st Workshop on Cognition and Evolution (CogEvo 2009)},
   language = {en},
   author = {Remedios, R and Nikos, LK and Kayser, C}
}

@Poster { RemediosLK2008,
   title = {Auditory representations in the insula cortex},
   year = {2008},
   month = {7},
   volume = {6},
   number = {188.21},
   abstract = {Cortical auditory system organization comprises a number of responsive areas that span a region in the primate forebrain extending from the temporal lobe to the frontal lobe. These areas collaborate in structured networks where sensory information is distributed into several processing streams. In this context, human imaging studies provide preliminary evidence to suggest a role for the insula cortex in auditory processing, especially in processing speech and language. In this study we electrophysiologically characterize the primate insula cortex in terms of its auditory capabilities. To facilitate the interpretation of our findings, we systematically compare the response properties of insular neurons to those of neurons in the primary and secondary auditory cortices.
Our findings identify an acoustically responsive region in the posterior insula cortex that is activated by both simplistic as well as naturalistic sounds. Although these insular neurons exhibit response properties similar to neurons in auditory cortex such as responsiveness to simple stimuli and tuning to sound frequency, they also differ from auditory cortical neurons in that they express longer latencies and that they do not sensitively represent the sound envelope. Individual stimuli are encoded sparsely across the population of neurons within the insula, yet these neurons are more selective to particular natural sounds than auditory cortical neurons. Interestingly, primate insular neurons demonstrate a preference for conspecific vocalizations. Furthermore, we are also able to identify a differential response to different vocalization types. Our findings thus suggest a role for the insula cortex in processing and representing auditory information preferentially vocalizations.},
   department = {Department Logothetis},
   department2 = {Research Group Kayser},
   web_url = {http://fens2008.neurosciences.asso.fr/},
   event_place = {Geneva, Switzerland},
   event_name = {6th Forum of European Neuroscience (FENS 2008)},
   author = {Remedios, R and Logothetis, NK and Kayser, C}
}

@Poster { 5887,
   title = {How visual context influences the acoustical processing in and around auditory cortex},
   year = {2008},
   month = {7},
   volume = {6},
   number = {020.10},
   abstract = {Recent results from human imaging and electrophysiological studies promote the view that processing within auditory cortex can be influenced by cross-modal stimulation of other sensory modalities. Here we scrutinize the neuronal basis of these sensory interactions by probing regions in the monkey auditory pathway for multisensory influences using combinations of functional imaging (fMRI) and electrophysiology.
Using functional imaging, we previously found that caudal fields of the auditory cortex show enhanced fMRI-BOLD responses when auditory stimuli were complemented by simultaneous visual or touch stimulation [see Kayser et al. Neuron 48, 2005 and J. Neurosci. 27(8), 2007]. This sensory interaction was much enhanced in the superior temporal regions but was less evident in anterior auditory fields and the insula. To validate these results at the level of individual neurons, we now record field potentials and single unit activity from these regions. We find that within caudal auditory cortex, only 12\% of the neurons show cross-modal influences, such as response enhancement or suppression. This visual modulation occurs only for a narrow time window of stimulus onset asynchronies and is independent of the particular kind of stimulus used. In the acoustically responsive region of the insula a similar proportion of neurons show such kind of audio-visual interaction, while in the superior temporal region visual, auditory and multisensory neurons are spatially intermingled and occur in equal proportions.
Our findings reveal how the presence of visual input increases along the auditory processing stream and demonstrate that already early auditory cortices are susceptible to cross-modal influences. As a consequence we conclude that the processing at these stages not only reflects acoustical stimuli but is also dependent on their visual context.},
   department = {Department Logothetis},
   department2 = {Research Group Kayser},
   web_url = {http://fens2008.neurosciences.asso.fr/},
   institute = {Biologische Kybernetik},
   organization = {Max-Planck-Gesellschaft},
   event_place = {Geneva, Switzerland},
   event_name = {6th Forum of European Neuroscience (FENS 2008)},
   author = {Kayser, C and Petkov, C and Remedios, R and Dahl, CD and Logothetis, NK}
}

@Poster { 5481,
   title = {Sensory interactions in the claustrum and insula cortex},
   year = {2008},
   month = {7},
   volume = {9},
   number = {307},
   pages = {271},
   abstract = {Once considered to be components of the same structure, the claustrum and the overlying insula cortex are intricately connected to several sensory areas and are therefore presumptive sites for multisensory integration. We test this hypothesis using a combination of visual and acoustical stimuli while recording from the claustrum and insula cortex of awake non-human primates.
Our study revealed that the claustrum was parcellated into sensory zones, one of which was predominantly acoustical while another was predominantly visual. However, within each of these zones, we were not only able to identify neurons that responded to the other modality, but also identify some neurons that were multimodal. Within the posterior insula cortex, on the other hand, sensory representations were preferentially acoustical in nature, and although a third of the neurons were in fact modulated by visual activity, only a fraction of these were actually responsive to both modalities. Using natural sounds we uncovered an insular preference towards conspecific vocalizations wherein neurons here could distinguish between vocalizations themselves, based on the sound’s temporal character.
Our findings suggest that although various sensory modalities may converge onto a structure, modality dominant zones can still exist within, with multisensory neurons intermingled among them.},
   department = {Department Logothetis},
   department2 = {Research Group Kayser},
   web_url = {http://imrf.mcmaster.ca/IMRF/2008/pdf/FullProgramIMRF08.pdf},
   institute = {Biologische Kybernetik},
   organization = {Max-Planck-Gesellschaft},
   event_place = {Hamburg, Germany},
   event_name = {9th International Multisensory Research Forum (IMRF 2008)},
   language = {en},
   author = {Remedios, R and Logothetis, NK and Kayser, C}
}

@Poster { 4995,
   title = {Multisensory Integration in the Claustrum},
   year = {2007},
   month = {11},
   volume = {37},
   number = {714.14},
   abstract = {The claustrum is an evolutionarily conserved structure, which in mammals, is well connected to most of the neocortex in a topographical manner. The claustrum has thus been deemed an important site for combining sensory information from different modalities, and its widespread projections put this structure in an ideal place to modulate processing in different cortical regions. Yet, our understanding of the properties and function of this structure is rather limited.
Using extracellular recordings we map the sensory specific responses and quantify the integration properties of the claustrum of awake monkeys. Using paradigms employing visual, auditory and somatosensory stimuli, we find interactions between the audio-visual and the audio-somatosensory modalities, with the recorded responses exhibiting transient activity specific to the onset of the stimulus. At many sites, the responses to combined stimuli differ from the unisensory responses. Furthermore, comparing sensory responses recorded in the claustrum to those recorded at adjacent multisensory sites in insular cortex and putamen, we find that neurons in the claustrum often respond with much higher firing rates.
In addition, we study the anatomical connectivity of the claustrum in the rat. Afferent and efferent projections subdivide this structure into sensory specific regions. Although particular modality specific zones have been shown to overlap, others remain aloof. This challenges the hypothesis that this structure facilitates multi-sensory integration across all modalities. Using anterograde and retrograde tracers we identify intra-claustral projections that connect the different sensory zones. Our results not only confirm previous reports of arealization, but also suggest new routes of multisensory interactions involving this structure.
Altogether, our findings well support a role for the claustrum in facilitating the interaction of the different senses.},
   department = {Department Logothetis},
   department2 = {Research Group Kayser},
   web_url = {http://www.sfn.org/am2007/},
   institute = {Biologische Kybernetik},
   organization = {Max-Planck-Gesellschaft},
   event_place = {San Diego, CA, USA},
   event_name = {37th Annual Meeting of the Society for Neuroscience (Neuroscience 2007)},
   language = {en},
   author = {Remedios, R and Logothetis, NK and Kayser, C}
}

@Poster { 4856,
   title = {Multisensory Interactions in the Claustrum},
   year = {2007},
   month = {7},
   volume = {10},
   pages = {69},
   abstract = {The claustrum is an evolutionarily conserved structure, which in mammals, is well connected
to most of the neocortex in a topographical manner. The claustrum has thus been deemed an
important site for combining sensory information from different modalities, and its widespread
projections put this structure in an ideal place to modulate processing in different cortical regions.
Yet, our understanding of the properties and function of this structure is rather limited.
Using extracellular recordings we map the sensory specific responses and quantify the integration
properties of the claustrum of awake monkeys. Using paradigms employing visual,
auditory and somatosensory stimuli, we find interactions between the audio-visual and the
audio-somatosensory modalities, with the recorded responses exhibiting transient activity specific
to the onset of the stimulus. At many sites, the responses to combined stimuli differ from
the unisensory responses. Furthermore, comparing sensory responses recorded in the claustrum
to those recorded at adjacent multisensory sites in insular cortex and putamen, we find
that neurons in the claustrum often respond with much higher firing rates. In addition, we study
the anatomical connectivity of the claustrum in the rat. Afferent and efferent projections subdivide
this structure into sensory specific regions. Although particular modality specific zones
have been shown to overlap, others remain aloof. This challenges the hypothesis that this
structure facilitates multi-sensory integration across all modalities. Using anterograde and retrograde
tracers we identify intra-claustral projections that connect the different sensory zones.
Our results not only confirm previous reports of arealization, but also suggest new routes of
multisensory interactions involving this structure. Altogether, our findings well support a role
for the claustrum in facilitating the interaction of the different senses.},
   department = {Department Logothetis},
   web_url = {http://www.twk.tuebingen.mpg.de/twk07/abstract.php?_load_id=remedios01},
   institute = {Biologische Kybernetik},
   organization = {Max-Planck-Gesellschaft},
   event_place = {T{\"u}bingen, Germany},
   event_name = {10th T{\"u}binger Wahrnehmungskonferenz (TWK 2007)},
   language = {en},
   author = {Remedios, R and Logothetis, NN and Kayser, C}
}

@Poster { RemediosLK2007,
   title = {Multiple multi-sensory networks involve the claustrum},
   journal = {Neuroforum},
   year = {2007},
   month = {4},
   volume = {13},
   number = {Supplement},
   pages = {897},
   abstract = {Recent reports propose a role for the claustrum in multi-sensory integration. Since afferent and efferent
projections subdivide the claustrum into sensory specific regions, this poses the question of how this structure
could participate in multi-sensory integration. In the rat, particular modality specific regions have been shown
to overlap, while others remain aloof. Using retrograde tracers such as FluoroGold and Diamidino Yellow we
visualize the connections of the rat claustrum with primary and higher sensory areas. This allows us to
quantify the topographic arrangement of projections between these cortical areas and the claustrum with
respect to the known sensory map within the claustrum.
Our results not only confirm previous reports of arealization within the claustrum, but also suggest new routes
of multi-sensory interaction involving this structure. Of interest is our observation of significant overlap
between somatosensory and frontal claustral zones. Tracer injections made at subcortical loci too reveal
connectivity to somatosensory zones. However, multi-sensory integration could also rely on the intrinsic
connectivity between different sensory zones. In this regard, using calcium binding proteins as markers, we
investigate the spatial arrangement of different cell populations and the relation of their dendritic trees with
respect to the different sensory zones in the claustrum.
The extrinsic and intrinsic connectivity of the claustrum reveals a complex network with the claustrum as a
node between different cortical sensory and association areas and suggests a prominent role of this structure in
combining and modulating sensory information.},
   department = {Department Logothetis},
   department2 = {Research Group Kayser},
   web_url = {http://www.neuro.uni-goettingen.de/nbc.php?sel=archiv},
   event_place = {G{\"o}ttingen, Germany},
   event_name = {31st G{\"o}ttingen Neurobiology Conference},
   author = {Remedios, R and Logothetis, NK and Kayser, C}
}