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Kontakt
Prof. Dr. Heinrich H. Bülthoff |
| Adresse: | Spemannstr. 38 72076 Tübingen |
| Raum Nummer: | 107 |
| Tel.: | 07071 601 601 |
| Fax: | 07071 601 616 |
| E-Mail: |  heinrich.buelthoff |
The superior performance of natural over artificial
intelligence rests on the ability of the human brain to integrate and
process complex sensory information for useful actions. Future advances
in our understanding of the human brain will need integrating approaches
across disciplines, including psychology, computer science, robotics,
and neuroimaging.
In Bülthoff´s department a group of about 70
biologists, computer scientists, mathematicians, physicists and
psychologists study cognitive processes including 
object recognition and categorization, perception and action in virtual environments, human-robot interaction and perception, computer graphics and computer vision.
Traditional psychophysical methods emphasize the analysis of perception
using simple stimuli; however, computer vision studies have made it
clear that further advances in our understanding of perception and
cognition will rely on the use of realistic stimuli and tasks.
In our new 
Cyberneum building we use methods developed from computer graphics and virtual reality to
build simulated naturalistic environments under precise experimental
control in order to investigate cognition in a closed perception-action
loop. In psychophysical studies we could show that humans can integrate
multimodal sensory information in a statistically optimal way, in which
cues are weighted according to their reliability.
Many of our results from basic research in perception
and cognition are further developed into useful application. Our group leads or participates in several
of the European Research projects: myCopter, SUPRA, TANGO, VR-Hyperspace.
Research fields in my department are:Recognition and Categorization
Perception and Action in Virtual Environments
Cybernetics Approach tp Perception an Action
Motion Perception in Vehicle Simulation
Ongoing EU projects:
myCopter - Enabling Technologies for Personal Aerial Transportation Systems SUPRA - Simulation of Upset Recovery in Aviation TANGO - Emotional interaction grounded in realistic context VR-HYPERSPACE - research and development leading to a paradigm shift in relation to passenger comfort
Heinrich Bülthoff is scientific member of the Max Planck Society and director at the Max Planck Institute for Biological Cybernetics in Tübingen.
He is head of the Department Human Perception, Cognition and Action in which a group of about 70 researchers investigate psychophysical and computational aspects of higher level visual processes in object and face recognition, sensory-motor integration, spatial cognition, and perception and action in virtual environments.
He holds a Ph.D. degree in the natural sciences from the Eberhard-Karls-Universität in Tübingen. From 1980 to 1988 he worked as a research scientist at the Max Planck Institute for Biological Cybernetics and the Massachusetts Institute of Technology. He was Assistant, Associate and Full Professor of Cognitive Science at Brown University in Providence from 1988-1993 before becoming director at the Max Planck Institute for Biological Cybernetics. He is Honorary Professor at the Eberhard-Karls-Universität (Tübingen) and Korea University (Seoul) and Editor of several international journals.
Heinrich Bülthoff is involved in many international collaborations and member of several European research networks. He has participated in many projects funded by the European Commission and is currently leading the EU project myCopter.
| • | Bülthoff HH  , Mohler BJ and Dobricki M (September-2012): The ownership of a virtual body induced by visuo-tactile stimulation indicates the alteration of self-boundaries, 5th International Conference on Spatial Cognition (ICSC 2012), Roma, Italy.  CiteID: DobrickiMB2012_3 |
| • | Bülthoff HH , Mohler BJ and Dobricki M (June-22-2012): The structure of self-experience during visuo-tactile stimulation of a virtual and the physical body, 13th International Multisensory Research Forum (IMRF 2012), Oxford, UK. The simultaneous visuo-tactile stimulation of an individual’s body and a virtual body (avatar) is an experimental method used to investigate the mechanisms of self-experience. Studies incorporating this method found that it elicits the experience of bodily ownership over the avatar. Moreover, as part of our own research we found that it has also an effect on the experience of agency, spatial presence, as well as on the perception of self-motion, and thus on self-localization. However, it has so far not been investigated whether these effects represent distinct categories within conscious experience. We stroked the back of 21 male participants for three minutes while they watched an avatar getting synchronously stroked within a virtual city in a head-mounted display setup. Subsequently, we assessed their avatar and their spatial presence experience with 23 questionnaire items. The analysis of the responses to all items by means of nonmetric multidimensional scaling resulted in a two-dimensional map (stress=0.151) on which three distinct categories of items could be identified: a cluster (Cronbach’s alpha=.89) consisting of all presence items, a cluster (Cronbach’s alpha=.88) consisting of agency-related items, and a cluster (Cronbach’s alpha=.93) consisting of items related to body ownership as well as self-localization. The reason that spatial presence formed a distinct category could be that body ownership, self-localization and agency are not reported in relation to space. Body ownership and self-localization belonged to the same category which we named identification phenomena. Hence, we propose the following three higher-order categories of self-experience: identification, agency, and spatial presence. CiteID: DobrickiMB2012_2 |
| • | Bülthoff HH , Robuffo Giordano P , Soyka F and Barnett Cowan M (June-22-2012): Temporal Processing of Self-Motion: Translations Are Processed Slower than Rotations, 13th International Multisensory Research Forum (IMRF 2012), Oxford, UK. Reaction times (RTs) to purely inertial self-motion stimuli have only infrequently been studied, and comparisons of RTs for translations and rotations, to our knowledge, are nonexistent. We recently proposed a model [1] which describes direction discrimination thresholds for rotational and translational motions based on the dynamics of the vestibular sensory organs (otoliths and semi-circular canals). This model also predicts differences in RTs for different motion profiles (e.g., trapezoidal versus triangular acceleration profiles or varying profile durations). In order to assess these predictions we measured RTs in 20 participants for 8 supra-threshold motion profiles (4 translations, 4 rotations). A two-alternative forced-choice task, discriminating leftward from rightward motions, was used and 30 correct responses per condition were evaluated. The results agree with predictions for RT differences between motion profiles as derived from previously identified model parameters from threshold measurements. To describe absolute RT, a constant is added to the predictions representing both the discrimination process, and the time needed to press the response button. This constant is approximately 160ms shorter for rotations, thus indicating that additional processing time is required for translational motion. As this additional latency cannot be explained by our model based on the dynamics of the sensory organs, we speculate that it originates at a later stage, e.g. during tilt-translation disambiguation. Varying processing latencies for different self-motion stimuli (either translations or rotations) which our model can account for must be considered when assessing the perceived timing of vestibular stimulation in comparison with other senses [2,3]. CiteID: SoykaBRB2012 |
| • | Bülthoff HH , Barnett-Cowan M , Pretto P and Nesti A (June-21-2012): Roll rate thresholds in driving simulation, 13th International Multisensory Research Forum (IMRF 2012), Oxford, UK. The restricted operational space of dynamic driving simulators requires the implementation of motion cueing algorithms that tilt the simulator cabin to reproduce sustained accelerations. In order to avoid conflicting inertial cues, the tilt rate is limited below drivers’ perceptual thresholds, which are typically derived from the results of classical vestibular research, where additional sensory cues to self-motion are removed. These limits might be too conservative for an ecological driving simulation, which provides a variety of complex visual and vestibular cues as well as demands of attention which vary with task difficulty. We measured roll rate detection threshold in active driving simulation, where visual and vestibular stimuli are provided as well as increased cognitive load from the driving task. Here thresholds during active driving are compared with tilt rate detection thresholds found in the literature (passive thresholds) to assess the effect of the driving task. In a second experiment, these thresholds (active versus passive) are related to driving preferences in a slalom driving course in order to determine which roll rate values are most appropriate for driving simulators so as to present the most realistic driving experience. The results show that detection threshold for roll in an active driving task is significantly higher than the limits currently used in motion cueing algorithms, suggesting that higher tilt limits can be successfully implemented to better optimize simulator operational space. Supra-threshold roll rates in the slalom task are also rated as more realistic. Overall, our findings indicate that increasing task complexity in driving simulation can decrease motion sensitivity allowing for further expansion of the virtual workspace environment. CiteID: NestiBBP2012 |
| • | Bülthoff HH , Barnett-Cowan M and Raeder S (June-19-2012): Persistent perceptual delay for head movement onset relative to auditory stimuli of different duration and rise times, 13th International Multisensory Research Forum (IMRF 2012), Oxford, UK. The perception of simultaneity between auditory and vestibular information is crucially important for maintaining a coherent representation of the acoustic environment whenever the head moves. Yet, despite similar transduction latencies, vestibular stimuli are perceived significantly later than auditory stimuli when simultaneously generated (Barnett-Cowan and Harris, 2009; 2011). However, these studies paired a vestibular stimulation of long duration (~1 s) and of a continuously changing temporal envelope with brief (10-50 ms) sound pulses. In the present study the stimuli were matched for temporal envelope. Participants judged the temporal order of the onset of an active head movement and of brief (50 ms) or long (1400 ms) sounds with a square or raised-cosine shaped envelope. Consistent with previous reports, head movement onset had to precede the onset of a brief sound by about 73 ms in order to be perceived as simultaneous. Head movements paired with long square sounds (~100ms) were not significantly different than brief sounds. Surprisingly, head movements paired with long raised-cosine sound (~115 ms) had to be presented even earlier than brief stimuli. This additional lead time could not be accounted for by differences in the comparison stimulus characteristics (duration and temporal envelope). Rather, differences among sound conditions were found to be attributable to variability in the time for head movement to reach peak velocity: the head moved faster when paired with a brief sound. The persistent lead time required for vestibular stimulation provides further evidence that the perceptual latency of vestibular stimulation is larger compared to auditory stimuli. CiteID: Bulthoff2012_3 |
| • | Bülthoff HH (March-7-2012) Invited Lecture: myCopter: Enabling Technologies for Personal Aerial Transportation Systems, Abu Dhabi Air Expo: Helicopter Conference , Abu Dhabi, United Arab Emirates. The helicopter is man’s best friend. Utilized all over the world for life saving missions, the helicopter is evolving rapidly to be able to integrate itself within the city limits. The Max Plank Institute of Technology is leading a research project funded by the European Union to identify future technologies allowing the use of helicopters within the cities. He shares the main goals of this research project. The audience will be able to interact with the various helicopter experts on all aspects of the use of rotary wing crafts today and tomorrow. CiteID: Bulthoff2012_2 |
| • | Bülthoff HH (March-1-2012) Invited Lecture: Flying Robots and Flying Cars, 5th Schunk International Expertdays: Service Robotics, Hausen, Germany. CiteID: Bulthoff2012 |
| • | Bülthoff HH and Nieuwenhuizen FM (November-4-2011): myCopter: Enabling Technologies for Personal Aerial Transportation Systems, 3rd International HELI World Conference 2011 "HELICOPTER Technologies and Operations", Frankfurt a.M., Germany. CiteID: BulthoffN2011_2 |
| • | Bülthoff HH (November-2011): New Concepts for Personal Aerial Transportation Systems, 3rd International HELI World Conference 2011, Frankfurt a.M., Germany. CiteID: Bulthoff2011_6 |
| • | Bülthoff HH (October-5-2011): Science and Science Fiction: closing the loop between
Perception and Technology, Department of Brain and Cognitive Engineering, Korea University, Seoul, South Korea. CiteID: Bulthoff2011_8 |
| • | Bülthoff HH , Wallraven C , Gaissert N , Waterkamp S and van Dam L (October-2011): Efficient cross-modal transfer of shape information in visual and haptic object categorization, 12th International Multisensory Research Forum (IMRF 2011), Fukuoka, Japan, i-Perception2 (8) 822. Categorization has traditionally been studied in the visual domain with only a few studies focusing on the abilities of the haptic system in object categorization. During the first years of development, however, touch and vision are closely coupled in the exploratory procedures used by the infant to gather information about objects. Here, we investigate how well shape information can be transferred between those two modalities in a categorization task. Our stimuli consisted of amoeba-like objects that were parametrically morphed in well-defined steps. Participants explored the objects in a categorization task either visually or haptically. Interestingly, both modalities led to similar categorization behavior suggesting that similar shape processing might occur in vision and haptics. Next, participants received training on specific categories in one of the two modalities. As would be expected, training increased performance in the trained modality; however, we also found significant transfer of training to the other, untrained modality after only relatively few training trials. Taken together, our results demonstrate that complex shape information can be transferred efficiently across the two modalities, which speaks in favor of multisensory, higher-level representations of shape.  CiteID: GaissertWvBW2011 |
| • | Bülthoff HH (September-27-2011): Plenary II: BioRobotics, IEEE/RSJ International Conference on Intelligent Robots and Systems (IROS 2011), San Francisco, CA, USA. CiteID: Bulthoff2011_9 |
| • | Bülthoff HH (September-22-2011) Keynote Lecture: Perceptual Graphics: closing the loop between Perception, Graphics and Computer Vision, 19th Pacific Conference on Computer Graphics and Applications (Pacific Graphics 2011), Kaoshiung, Taiwan. In our Perceptual Graphics group at the Max Planck Institute for Biological Cybernetics we integrate methods from psychophysics, computer graphics and computer vision in order to understand fundamental perceptual and cognitive processes. The fusion of methods from these research areas has the potential to greatly advance our understanding of perception and cognition. Highly controllable, yet realistic computergenerated stimuli offer novel ways for psychophysical investigations. The results from those experiments can in turn be used to derive perceptual "shortcuts" to more efficient rendering approaches. Computer vision and machine learning algorithms can be used to model human cognition and action while conversely, the results from perceptual experiments can inform computer scientists how the brain solves problems and thus can lead to more efficient solutions of hard problems like recognition and categorization. In this presentation, I will highlight how the latest tools in computer vision, computer graphics, and virtual reality technology can be used to systematically understand the factors that determine how humans behave and solve tasks in realistic scenarios. CiteID: Bulthoff2011_7 |
| • | Bülthoff HH (August-11-2011) Keynote Lecture: Towards Artificial Systems: What Can We Learn From Human Perception?, Twenty-Fifth AAAI Conference on Artificial Intelligence (AAAI-11), San Francisco, CA, USA. Recent progress in learning algorithms and sensor hardware has led to rapid advances in artificial systems. However, their performance continues to fall short of the efficiency and plasticity of human behavior. In many ways, a deeper understanding of how humans process and act upon physical sensory information can contribute to the development of better artificial systems. In this presentation, Buelthoff will highlight how the latest tools in computer vision, computer graphics, and virtual reality technology can be used to systematically understand the factors that determine how humans behave and solve tasks in realistic scenarios. CiteID: Bulthoff2011_4 |
| • | Bülthoff HH (July-30-2011): Wie kommt die Welt in den Kopf?: Von der Grundlagenforschung zur Anwendung, Lingelbachs Scheune – Optische Phänomene e.V., Abtsgmünd, Germany. CiteID: Bulthoff2011_5 |
| • | Bülthoff HH (July-6-2011) Keynote Lecture: Wahrnehmen, begreifen und handeln: Die Kommunikation des Menschen mit seinen Hifsmitteln, Tübinger Innovationstage 2011 der Industrie- und Handelskammer Reutlingen, Tübingen, Germany. CiteID: Bulthoff2011_3 |
| • | Bülthoff HH , Thornton IM , Mamassian P and Caniard F (July-2011): Active control does not eliminate motion-induced illusory displacement , 7th Asia-Pacific Conference on Vision (APCV 2011), Hong Kong. When the sine-wave grating of a Gabor patch drifts to the left or right, the perceived position of the entire object is shifted in the direction of local motion. In the current work we explored whether active control of the physical position of the patch overcomes such motion induced illusory displacement. In Experiment 1 we created a simple computer game and asked participants to continuously guide a Gabor patch along a randomly curving path using a joystick. When the grating inside the Gabor patch was stationary, participants could perform this task without error. When the grating drifted to either left or right, we observed systematic errors consistent with previous reports of motion-induced illusory displacement. In Experiment 2 we created an iPad application where the built-in accelerometer tilt control was used to steer the patch through as series of “gates”. Again, we observed systematic guidance errors that depended on the direction and speed of local motion. In conclusion, we found no evidence that participants could adapt or compensate for illusory displacement given active control of the target.  CiteID: ThorntonCMB2011_2 |
| • | Bülthoff HH , Wallraven C , Armann R , Bülthoff I and Lee RK (July-2011): Investigating the other-race effect in different face recognition tasks, 7th Asia-Pacific Conference on Vision (APCV 2011), Hong Kong. Faces convey various types of information like identity, ethnicity, sex or emotion. We investigated whether the well-known other-race effect (ORE) is observable when facial information other than identity varies between test faces. First, in a race comparison task, German and Korean participants compared the ethnicity of two faces sharing similar identity information but differing in ethnicity. Participants reported which face looked more Asian or Caucasian. Their behavioral results showed that Koreans and Germans were equally good at discriminating ethnicity information in Asian and Caucasian faces. The nationality of participants, however, affected their eye-movement strategy when the test faces were shown sequentially, thus, when memory was involved. In the second study, we focused on ORE in terms of recognition of facial expressions. Korean participants viewed Asian and Caucasian faces showing different facial expressions for 100ms to 800ms and reported the emotion of the faces. Surprisingly, under all three presentation times, Koreans were significantly better with Caucasian faces. These two studies suggest that ORE does not appear in all recognition tasks involving other-race faces. Here, when identity information is not involved in the task, we are not better at discriminating ethnicity and facial expressions in same race compared to other race faces. CiteID: BulthoffAWB2011 |
| • | Bülthoff HH (June-20-2011): Science and Science Fiction: closing the loop between Cognition and Application, University of Genoa, Genova, Italy. CiteID: Bulthoff2011_2 |
| • | Bülthoff HH and Nieuwenhuizen F (March-31-2011): myCopter: Enabling Technologies for Personal Aerial Transportation Systems, Sixth European Aerodays 2011, Madrid, Spain. CiteID: BulthoffN2011 |
| • | Bülthoff HH (January-11-2011): What can computer scientists learn from cognitive scientists?, Symposium “Defining Cognitive Informatics”, Wien, Austria. CiteID: Bulthoff2011 |
| • | Bülthoff HH , Wallraven C , de la Rosa S and Kaulard K (October-2010): Cognitive categories of emotional and conversational facial expressions are influenced by dynamic information, 11th Conference of Junior Neuroscientists of Tübingen (NeNa 2010), Heiligkreuztal, Germany11 (10) 16. Most research on facial expressions focuses on static, ’emotional’ expressions. Facial expressions, however, are also important in interpersonal communication (’conversational’ expressions). In addition, communication is a highly dynamic phenomenon and previous evidence suggests that dynamic presentation of stimuli facilitates recognition. Hence, we examined the categorization of emotional and conversational expressions using both static and dynamic stimuli. In a between-subject design, 40 participants were asked to group 55 different facial expressions (either static or dynamic) of ten actors in a free categorization task. Expressions were to be grouped according to their overall similarity. The resulting confusion matrix was used to determine the consistency with which facial expressions were categorized. In the static condition, emotional expressions were grouped as separate categories while participants confused conversational expressions. In the dynamic condition, participants uniquely categorized basic and sub-ordinate emotional, as well as several conversational facial expressions. Furthermore, a multidimensional scaling analysis suggests that the same potency and valence dimensions underlie the categorization of both static and dynamic expressions. Basic emotional expressions represent the most effective categories when only static information is available. Importantly, however, our results show that dynamic information allows for a much more fine-grained categorization and is essential in disentangling conversational expressions. CiteID: KaulardWdB2010 |
| • | Bülthoff HH (September-28-2010): Brain and Cognitive Engineering: What can Engineers learn from Cognitive Scientists?, Department of Brain and Cognitive Engineering, Korea University, Seoul, South Korea. This presentation will give an overview of current topics in the Biological Cybernetics labs at the Max Planck Institute in Tübingen and the Department of Brain and Cognitive Engineering at Korea University. Recent examples from our research on face and object recognition will highlight the importance of dynamic and multi-sensory information as well as active vision for recognition and show how perceptual research can contribute towards the development of better artificial systems. CiteID: 6759 |
| • | Bülthoff HH (September-13-2010): Towards artificial systems: what can we learn from human perception, APCTP Headquarters: Lecture 1442, Pohang, Korea. CiteID: 6733 |
| • | Bülthoff HH (September-9-2010): Towards Artificial Systems: What can we learn from human perception?, Seoul National University, School of Computer Science and Engineering, Seoul, South Korea. CiteID: 6756 |
| • | Bülthoff HH (September-8-2010): The Cybernetics Approach to Cognitive Engineering, Distinguished Lecture Series, Korea University, Seoul, South Korea. CiteID: 6757 |
| • | Bülthoff HH (August-30-2010): Towards artificial systems: what can we learn from human perception, The Pacific Rim International Conference on Artificial Intelligence (PRICAI 2010), Daegu, Korea. CiteID: 6633 |
| • | Bülthoff HH , Wallraven C , de la Rosa S and Kaulard K (August-2010) Abstract Talk: Cognitive categories of emotional and conversational facial expressions are influenced by dynamic information, 33rd European Conference on Visual Perception, Lausanne, Switzerland, Perception39 (ECVP Abstract Supplement) 157. Most research on facial expressions focuses on static, ‘emotional’ expressions. Facial expressions, however, are also important in interpersonal communication (‘conversational’ expressions). In addition, communication is a highly dynamic phenomenon and previous evidence suggests that dynamic presentation of stimuli facilitates recognition. Hence, we examined the categorization of emotional and conversational expressions using both static and dynamic stimuli. In a between-subject design, 40 participants were asked to group 55 di erent facial expressions (either static or dynamic) of ten actors in a free categorization task. Expressions were to be grouped according to their overall similarity. The resulting confusion matrix was used to determine the consistency with which facial expressions were categorized. In the static condition, emotional expressions were grouped as separate categories while participants confused conversational expressions. In the dynamic condition, participants uniquely categorized basic and sub-ordinate emotional, as well as several conversational facial expressions. Furthermore, a multidimensional scaling analysis suggests that the same potency and valence dimensions underlie the categorization of both static and dynamic expressions. Basic emotional expressions represent the most e ective categories when only static information is available. Importantly, however, our results show that dynamic information allows for a much more fine-grained categorization and is essential in disentangling conversational expressions. CiteID: 6740 |
| • | Bülthoff HH (June-18-2010): The MPI CyberMotion Simulator:
A new concept for ab initio helicopter flight training, Institut für Hirnforschung, Bremen University, Bremen, Germany. CiteID: 6640 |
| • | Bülthoff HH (June-11-2010): The MPI CyberMotion Simulator:
Development of a novel helicopter trainer, ILA Helikopter Forum, Berlin, Germany. CiteID: 6680 |
| • | Bülthoff HH (March-25-2010): Die Welt in unseren Köpfen: Sehen und Erkennen in Natur und Technik, Health and Life Sciences, Private Universität im Fürstentum Liechtenstein, Triesen, Liechtenstein. Die Überlegenheit der natürlichen über die künstliche Intelligenz liegt in der Fähigkeit des menschlichen Gehirns, die verschiedenen Sinnesinformationen miteinander zu verrechnen um dadurch sinnvolle Handlungen zu ermöglichen. Um diese Leistungen unseres Gehirns zu verstehen und in technische Systeme umzusetzen bedarf es der vereinten Anstrengungen verschiedener Disziplinen, darunter Biologie, Informatik, Mathematik, Physik, Psychologie und Robotik. Die neuen Methoden der Virtuellen Realität erlauben in Verhaltensexperimenten einen sensorischen Realismus zu erzeugen, der der Erfahrung der realen Welt weitgehend entspricht. Gleichzeitig erlauben diese Methoden eine genaue Kontrolle der Reizparameter, die für eine psychophysische Untersuchung notwendig sind. Darüber hinaus werden Wahrnehmungsleistungen nicht isoliert betrachtet sondern im geschlossenen Regelkreis von Wahrnehmung und Handlung untersucht. CiteID: 6446 |
| • | Bülthoff HH (January-29-2010): Keynote lecture: The Cybernetics Approach to Perception, Cognition and Action, 2nd European Network for the Advancement of Artificial Cognitive Systems, Interaction and Robotics, Zürich, Switzerland. The question of how we perceive and interact with the world around us has been at the heart of cognitive and neuroscience research for the last decades. Despite tremendous advances in the field of computational vision made possible by the development of powerful learning techniques as well as the existence of large amounts of labeled training data for harvesting - artificial systems have yet to reach human performance levels and generalization capabilities. In this contribution we want to highlight some recent results from perceptual studies that could help to bring artificial systems a few steps closer to this grand goal. In particular, we focus on the issue of spatio-temporal object representations (dynamic faces), face synthesis, as well as the need for taking into account multi-sensory data in models of object categorization. In all of these perceptual research lines, the underlying research philosophy was to combine the latest tools in computer vision, computer graphics, and computer simulations in or der to gain a deeper understanding of recognition and categorization in the human brain. Conversely, we discuss how the perceptual results can feed back into the design of better and more efficient tools for artificial systems. CiteID: 6343 |
| • | Bülthoff HH (January-18-2010): Towards artificial systems: what can we learn from human perception ?, The Winterseminar 2010, Hotel Sport, Klosters, Switzerland. CiteID: 6264 |
| • | Bülthoff HH (November-4-2009): What can Computers learn from Human Perception, Distinguished Lecturerer Series - WCU Research Division for Brain and Cognitive Engineering, Korea University, Seoul, Korea. CiteID: 6139 |
| • | Bülthoff HH , Cunningham DW , Wallraven C and Kaulard K (November-2009) Abstract Talk: Laying the foundations for an in-depth investigation of the whole space of facial expressions, 10th Conference of Junior Neuroscientists of Tübingen (NeNa 2009), Ellwangen, Germany10 (6) 11. Compared to other species, humans have developed highly sophisticated communication systems for social interaction. One of the most important communication systems is based on facial expressions, which are both used for expressing emotions and conveying intentions. Starting already at birth, humans are trained to process faces and facial expressions, resulting in a high degree of perceptual expertise for face perception and social communication. To date, research has mostly focused on the emotional aspect of facial expression processing, using only a very limited set of „generic“ or „universal“ expressions, such as happiness or sadness. The important communicative aspect of facial expressions, however, has so far been largely neglected. Furthermore, the processing of facial expressions is influenced by dynamic information (e. g. Fox et al., 2009). However, almost all studies so far have used static expressions and thus were studying facial expressions in an ecologically less valid context (O’Toole et al., 2004). In order to enable a deeper understanding of facial expression processing it therefore seems crucial to investigate the emotional and communicative aspects of facial expressions in a dynamic context. For these investigations it is essential to first construct a database that contains such material using a well-controlled setup. In this talk, we will present the novel MPI facial expression database, which to our knowledge is the most extensive database of this kind up to date. Furthermore, we will briefly present psychophysical experiments with which we investigated the validity of our database, as well as the recognizability of a large set of facial expressions. CiteID: KaulardWCB2009 |
| • | Bülthoff HH (October-28-2009): Human Shape Perception, Electronics and Telecommunications Research Institute (ETRI), Daejeon, Korea. One aspect in which human shape estimation is better than state-of-the-art computer vision algorithms, is that it is extremely stable across a wide range of complex lighting and reflectance conditions. For example, while most stereo and shape-from-shading algorithms require minimal specular reflections, the human brain, by contrast, appears to be well aware of the physics of specular reflections, to the extent that highlights actually improve human shape perception. Similarly, it is common for shape-from-shading algorithms to assume known illumination, and often collimated light (which is rarely encountered during the daytime). By contrast, human shape perception works best under complex illumination patterns. I will present a review of some of the findings from our research group in which human shape perception is evaluated under conditions that are particularly challenging for many computer systems, including complex lighting conditions and spatially varying or non-Lambertian BRDFs. In general we find that the more complex and naturalistic the viewing conditions, the better human perception is, suggesting that there are many sources of information within shading still to be discovered. I will present the community with a few key findings from human vision that I believe any biologically motivated machine vision system should emulate. CiteID: 6138 |
| • | Bülthoff HH (October-26-2009): Biologically Motivated Computer Graphics, Korea Institute of Science and Technology (KIST), Seoul, Korea. CiteID: 6137 |
| • | Bülthoff HH (October-9-2009): Biologically Motivated Computer Graphics, Korean Computer Graphics Society Meeting KCGS-2009, Jeju Island, Korea. CiteID: 6136 |
| • | Bülthoff HH (September-30-2009): Recent Advances in Perception, Cognition and Action Research, International Symposium on Brain and Cognitive Engineering, Korea University, Seoul, Korea, Korea University, Seoul, Korea. CiteID: 6135 |
| • | Bülthoff HH , Wallraven C and Gaissert N (August-2009) Abstract Talk: Exploring visual and haptic object categorization, 32nd European Conference on Visual Perception, Regensburg, Germany, Perception38 (ECVP Abstract Supplement) 159. Humans combine visual and haptic shape information in object processing. To investigate commonalities and differences of these two modalities for object categorization, we performed similarity ratings and three different categorization tasks visually and haptically and compared them using multidimensional scaling techniques. As stimuli we used a 3-D object space, of 21 complex parametrically-defined shell-like objects. For haptic experiments, 3-D plastic models were freely explored by blindfolded participants with both hands. For visual experiments, 2-D images of the objects were used. In the first task, we gathered pair-wise similarity ratings for all objects. In the second, unsupervised task, participants freely categorized the objects. In the third, semi-supervised task, participants had to form exactly three groups. In the fourth, supervised task, participants learned three prototype objects and had to assign all other objects accordingly. For all tasks we found that within-category distances were smaller than across-category distances. Categories form clusters in perceptual space with increasing density from unsupervised to supervised categorization. In addition, the unconstrained similarity ratings predict the categorization behavior of the unsupervised categorization task best. Importantly, we found no differences between the modalities in any task showing that the processes underlying categorization are highly similar in vision and haptics. CiteID: 5953 |
| • | Bülthoff HH , Campos J and Butler J (August-2009) Abstract Talk: The importance of body-based cues for travelled distance perception, 9th Annual Meeting of the Vision Sciences Society (VSS 2009), Naples, FL, USA, Journal of Vision9 (8) 1144. When moving through space, both dynamic visual information (i.e. optic flow) and body-based cues (i.e. proprioceptive and vestibular) jointly specify the extent of a travelled distance. Little is currently known about the relative contributions of each of these cues when several are simultaneously available. In this series of experiments participants travelled a predefined distance and subsequently reproduced this distance by adjusting a visual target until the self-to-target distance matched the distance they had moved. Visual information was presented through a head-mounted display and consisted of a long, richly textured, virtual hallway. Body-based cues were provided either by A) natural walking in a fully-tracked free walking space (proprioception and vestibular) B) being passively moved by a robotic wheelchair (vestibular) or C) walking in place on a treadmill (proprioception). Distances were either presented through vision alone, body-based cues alone, or both visual and body-based cues combined. In the combined condition, the visually-specified distances were either congruent (1.0x) or incongruent (0.7x/1.4x) with distances specified by body-based cues. Incongruencies were created by either changing the visual gain or changing the proprioceptive gain (during treadmill walking). Further, in order to obtain a measure of “perceptual congruency” between visual and body-based cues, participants were asked to adjust the rate of optic flow during walking so that it matched the proprioceptive information. This value was then used as the basis for later congruent cue trials. Overall, results demonstrate a higher weighting of body-based cues during natural walking, a higher weighting of proprioceptive information during treadmill walking, and an equal weighting of visual and vestibular cues during passive movement. These results were not affected by whether visual or proprioceptive gain was manipulated. Adopting the obtained measure of perceptual congruency for each participant also did not change the conclusions such that proprioceptive cues continued to be weighted higher. CiteID: 5927 |
| • | Bülthoff HH (August-2009): Multisensory integration for perception and action in virtual environments, 32nd European Conference on Visual Perception, Regensburg, Germany, Perception38 (ECVP Abstract Supplement) 2. Understanding vision has always been at the centre of research in perception and cognition. Experiments on vision, however, have usually been conducted with a strong focus on perception, neglecting the fact that in most natural tasks sensory signals are not ultimately used for perception, but rather for action. The effects of the action are sensed by the sensory system, so that perception and action are complementary parts of a dynamic control system. Additionally, the human sensory system receives input from multiple senses which have to be integrated in order to solve tasks ranging from standing upright to controlling complex vehicles. In our Cybernetics research group we use psychophysical, physiological, modeling, and simulation techniques to study how cues from different sensory modalities are integrated by the brain to perceive, act in, and interact with the real world. In psychophysical studies, we could show that humans integrate multimodal sensory information often, but not always, in a statistically optimal way such that cues are weighted according to their reliability. In this talk, I will present results from our studies on multisensory integration of perception and action in both natural and simulated environments for different tasks using our latest simulator technologies, the Cyberwalk omnidirectional treadmill and the MPI Motion Simulator based on a large industrial robot arm. CiteID: 5972 |
| • | Bülthoff HH and Wallraven C (August-2009): Beyond vision: multi-sensory processing in humans and machines, Second International Workshop on Shape Perception in Human and Computer Vision (SPHCV-ECVP 2009), Regensburg, Germany. The question of how humans learn to categorize objects and events has been at the heart of cognitive and neuroscience research for the last decades. In recent years, much work also in computer vision has focused on this topic and by now has generated multiple challenges, databases, and novel approaches. In this talk, I will argue that there is more to "vision" than "bags of words". Recent work in our lab has focused on using state-of-the-art computer graphics and simulation technology in order to advance our understanding of the role vision plays in the "ultimate cognitive system" - the human. In particular, in my talk I will discuss the need for spatio-temporal object representations, as well as why we need a notion of shape and material properties in object interpretation that goes far beyond most current computer vision approaches. Most importantly, however, I will focus on multi-modal/multi-sensory aspects of object processing as one of the key elements of learning about the world through interaction. Evi dence from several studies of haptic object processing, for example, has shown that the sense of touch is sometimes surprisingly acute in representing complex shape spaces. I will finish by showing how some of these perceptual and cognitive results can be integrated into novel, more efficient and effective vision systems. CiteID: 5982 |
| • | Bülthoff HH and Wallraven C (July-2009): Beyond vision: multi-sensory processing in
humans and machines, Workshop on Trends in Computer Vision 2009, Praha, Czech Republic. CiteID: 5984 |
| • | Bülthoff HH (June-24-2009): Multi-sensory navigation in Virtual Reality, CVR 2009, Toronto, Canada. CiteID: 5926 |
| • | Bülthoff HH (June-3-2009): What can machine vision learn from human perception?, ICB 2009, University of Sassari, Italy. CiteID: 5925 |
| • | Bülthoff HH (February-5-2009): Effect of lateral motion on drivers' performance in the MPI motion simulator, DSC 2009, Monaco. CiteID: 5924 |
| • | Bülthoff HH , Ernst MO , Souman JL , Robuffo Giordano P , Mattone R and Luca AD (October-24-2008): The CyberWalk Platform: Human-Machine Interaction Enabling
Unconstrained Walking through VR, First workshop for young researchers on Human-friendly robotics, Naples. CiteID: 5608 |
| • | Bülthoff HH (October-5-2008): Recognition and Categorization in Man and
Machine, Fyssen Colloquium "From objects to categories: Visual categorization in big brains, small brains and machines", Pavillon Henri IV, Saint Germain en Laye, France. CiteID: 5522 |
| • | Bülthoff HH (September-16-2008): Keynote Lecture - Virtual reality as a valuable research tool for studying spatial cognition, Spatial Cognition 2008, Freiburg, Germany. CiteID: 5493 |
| • | Bülthoff HH (August-2008): Learning System Dynamics: Transfer of Tranining in a Helicopter Hover Simulator, AIAA Guidance, Navigation and Control Conference, Honolulu, USA. CiteID: 5385 |
| • | Bülthoff HH , Butler JS and Smith ST (July-2008): The role of stereo vision in visual and vestibular cue integration, 9th International Multisensory Research Forum (IMRF 2008), Hamburg, Germany9 (198) 179. Self-motion through an environment is a composite of signals such as vision and vestibular cues. Recently, it has been shown that visual-auditory cues and visual-haptic cues combine in a statistically optimal fashion. We asked what role does stereo vision play in optimal integration of visual and vestibular cues for linear heading. Participants performed the task in visual alone, vestibular alone or combined visual-vestibular (self-motion). The conditions were grouped into two experiments; bi-ocular, 2-D experiment and stereo, 3-D experiment. Participants were seated on a Stewart motion platform and presented with two motions consisting of a standard heading of straight ahead and a comparison heading and judged which movement was more to the right. From the responses individual JND were calculated (i.e., reliability measure). In the 2-D experiment 40% of participants’ self-motion reliability was worse than their most reliable unimodal cue, thus violating optimal cue combination. In the 3-D experiment all subjects self-motion reliability was not statistically different from the optimal predicted self-motion and therefore more reliable than either unimodal cue. These results can be evaluated with respect to a neuronal population model. These findings show that visual-vestibular cues combine in statistically optimal fashion with the caveat of stereo visuals. CiteID: 5159 |
| • | Bülthoff HH (July-2008): Visual proprioceptive, and inertial cue-wighting in travelled distance perception, ICP, Berlin, Germany. CiteID: 5457 |
| • | Bülthoff HH (June-2008): Perceptual Graphics: Integrating Perception, Computer Graphics, and Computer Vision, 19th Eurographics Symposium on Rendering 2008, Sarajewo, Bosnia and Herzegowina. CiteID: 5268 |
| • | Bülthoff HH (May-13-2008): Keynote Lecture - Going beyond vision: multisensory integration for perception and action, ICVS 2008, 6th International Conference on Computer Vision Systems, Vision for Cognitive Systems, Santorini, Greece. Understanding vision has always been at the centre of research in both cognitive and computational sciences. Experiments on vision, however, have usually been conducted with a strong focus on perception, neglecting the fact that in most natural tasks sensory signals are not ultimately used for perception, but rather for action. The effects of the action are sensed again by the sensory system, so that perception and action are complementary parts of a dynamic control system. Additionally, the human sensory system receives input from multiple senses which have to be integrated in order to solve tasks ranging from standing upright to controlling complex vehicles. In our Cybernetics research group at the Max Planck Institute in Tuebingen, we use psychophysical, physiological, modeling, and simulation techniques to study how cues from different sensory modalities are integrated by the brain to perceive, act in, and interact with the real world. In psychophysical studies, we could show that humans integrate multimo dal sensory information often but not always in a statistically optimal way, such that cues are weighted according to their reliability. In this talk, I will present results from our studies on multisensory integration of perception and action in both natural and simulated environments in different task contexts - from object recognition, to navigation, to vehicle control. CiteID: 5139 |
| • | Bülthoff HH and Wallraven C (May-2008): Multi-sensory Integration for Perception and Action, ICRA 2008 Workshop on Future Directions in Visual Navigation, Pasadena, CA, USA. CiteID: 5987 |
| • | Bülthoff HH (March-30-2008): Multisensory integration for action in natural and virtual environments, NETI 2008, NETI 2008. Many experiments which study the mechanisms by which different senses interact in humans focus on perception. In most natural tasks, however, sensory signals are not ultimately used for perception, but rather for action. The effects of the action are sensed again by the sensory system, so that perception and action are complementary parts of a dynamic control system. In our cybernetics research group at the Max Planck Institute in Tuebingen, we use psychophysical, physiological, modeling and simulation techniques to study how cues from different sensory modalities are integrated by the brain to perceive and act in the real world. In psychophysical studies, we could show that humans integrate multimodal sensory information often but not always in a statistically optimal way, such that cues are weighted according to their reliability. In this talk I will also present our latest simulator technology using an omni-directional treadmill and a new type of flight simulator based on an anthropomorphic robot arm. CiteID: 5110 |
| • | Bülthoff HH (March-11-2008): Locomotion in VR. State-of-the-art & Psychophysics, IEEE VR08, Reno, Nevada, US. CiteID: 5109 |
| • | Bülthoff HH (January-25-2008): The Cybernetic Approach to Perception and Action, The Winterseminar 2008, Hotel Sport, Klosters, CH. CiteID: 4955 |
| • | Bülthoff HH and Wertheimer J (October-30-2007): Wie wirklich ist die Illusion?: Ein Dialog zwischen Natur- und Literaturwissenschaft, Studium Generale der Universität Tübingen, Tübingen, Germany. CiteID: 4803 |
| • | Bülthoff HH and Wallraven C (October-14-2007): Multimodal Categorization, Eleventh IEEE International Conference on Computer Vision (ICCV 2007), Rio de Janeiro, Brazil. The question of how the human brain "makes sense" of the sensory input it receives has been at the heart of cognitive and neuroscience research for the last decades. One of the most fundamental perceptual processes is categorization the ability to compartmentalize knowledge for efficient retrieval. Recent advances in computer graphics and computer vision have made it possible to both produce highly realistic stimulus material for controlled experiments in life-like environments as well as to enable highly detailed analyses of the physical properties of realworld stimuli. CiteID: 4802 |
| • | Bülthoff HH (October-5-2007): Was wir zu sehen denken. Wahrnehmung und Handlung in realen und virtuellen Welten, Symposium: Nicht wahr?! Sinneskanäle, Hirnwindungen und Grenzen der Wahrnehmung, Germanisches Nationalmuseum Nürnberg, Germany. Die Sinnesorgane und die zugehörigen Verarbeitungsareale im Gehirn bilden unseren "Wahrnehmungsapparat". Er bildet die Außenwelt nicht nur in uns ab, sondern legt sie gleichsam für uns aus. Wahrnehmungsprozesse beruhen auf Filterung, Integration und Bewertung von Sinnesdaten. Welche Täuschungen können daraus resultieren und auf welchen Mechanismen beruhen sie? Welchen evolutionären Überlebensvorteil haben diese Mechanismen geboten? Gibt es Wissen über die Außenwelt jenseits unserer Sinneswahrnehmung? CiteID: 4801 |
| • | Bülthoff HH (September-2007): The MPI Motion Simulator: A new approach to motion simulation with an anthropomorphic robot arm, 2nd Motion Simulator Conference 2007, Braunschweig, Germany. CiteID: 4734 |
| • | Bülthoff H (August-2007): The Role of Visual Cues and Whole-Body Rotations in Helicopter Hovering Control, AIAA Guidance, Navigation and Control Conference, Hilton Head, South Carolina. CiteID: 5390 |
| • | Bülthoff HH , Butler JS and Smith S (July-2007): Integration of visual and vestibular cues to heading, 8th International Multisensory Research Forum (IMRF 2007), Sydney, Australia8 (61) . Accurate perception of ones self motion through the environment requires the successful integration of visual, vestibular, proprioceptive and auditory cues. We have applied Maximum Likelihood Estimation analysis to visual alone, vestibular alone and visual-vestibular linear self-motion (heading) estimation tasks. Using 2IFC method of constant stimuli and fitting the resulting psychometric data with the Matlab toolbox, psychofit (Wichman and Hill, 2001), we quantified perceptual uncertainty of heading discrimination by the standard deviation of the cumulative Gaussian fit. Our data show that when the uncertainty of visual and vestibular heading discrimination are matched in the combined information condition, there are two distinct classes of observers; those whose heading uncertainty is significantly reduced in the combined condition and those observers whos combined heading uncertainty is significantly increased. Our results are discussed in relation to monkey behavioural and neurophysiological heading e stimation data recently obtained by Angelaki and colleagues. CiteID: 4508 |
| • | Bülthoff HH (July-2007): Keynote Lecture: Multisensory Integration for Perception and Action, International Intersensory Research Symposium: Perception and Action 2007, Sydney, Australia. CiteID: 4575 |
| • | Bülthoff HH (July-2007) Keynote Lecture: Multisensory Integration in Virtual Environments, 8th International Multisensory Research Forum (IMRF 2007), Sydney, Australia8 (129) . Many experiments which study the mechanisms by which different senses interact in humans focus on perception. In most natural tasks, however, sensory signals are not ultimately used for perception, but rather for action. The effects of the action are sensed again by the sensory system, so that perception and action are complementary parts of a dynamic control system. In our cybernetics research group at the Max Planck Institute in Tübingen, we use psychophysical, physiological, modeling and simulation techniques to study how cues from different sensory modalities are integrated by the brain to perceive and act in the real world. In psychophysical studies, we could show that humans can integrate multimodal sensory information in a statistically optimal way, such that cues are weighted according to their reliability. A better understanding of multimodal sensory fusion will allow us to build new virtual reality platforms in which the design effort for simulating the relevant modalities (visual, auditory, haptic , vestibular and proprioceptive) is influenced by the weight of each. In this talk we will discuss which of these characteristics would be necessary to allow valuable improvements in high-fidelity simulator design. CiteID: 4576 |
| • | Bülthoff HH (July-2007): An image-based approach to perception and action, Queensland Brain Institute, Neuroscience Seminar Series, Brisbane, Australia. CiteID: 4647 |
| • | Bülthoff HH (June-2007): From insect vision to human perception: A long journey with many friends to understand the brain, A Journey Through Computation, Genova, Italy. CiteID: 4554 |
| • | Bülthoff HH (April-18-2007): Erkennen ist mehr als Sehen, Biozentrumskolloquium Universität Würzburg, Würzburg, Germany. CiteID: 4574 |
| • | Bülthoff HH (March-29-2007): What is missing in high-fidelity motion simulation?, SIMONA Symposium, Delft, Netherlands. CiteID: 4440 |
| • | Bülthoff HH (February-2007): Perception and Action in Virtual
Environments, Lausanne Neuroscience Colloquium, Lausanne, Switzerland. CiteID: 5037 |
| • | Bülthoff HH (October-24-2006): Sehen in Natur und Technik oder Wie kommt die Welt in den Kopf und was können Architekten damit anfangen, Aussenstellentagung der MPG-Bauabteilung, Grassau, Chiemsee, Germany. CiteID: 4235 |
| • | Bülthoff HH , Butler JS and Smith ST (October-2006): Multisensory self-motion estimation, 36th Annual Meeting of the Society for Neuroscience (Neuroscience 2006), Atlanta, GA, USA36 (12.6) . Navigation through the environment is a naturally multisensory task involving a coordinated set of sensorimotor processes that encode and compare information from visual, vestibular, proprioceptive, motor-corollary, and cognitive inputs. The extent to which visual information dominates this process is no better demonstrated than by the compelling illusion of self-motion generated in the stationary participant by a large-field visual motion stimuli. The importance of visual inputs for estimation of self-motion direction (heading) was first recognised by Gibson (1950) who postulated that heading could be recovered by locating the focus of expansion (FOE) of the radially expanding optic flow field coincident with forward translation. A number of behavioural studies have subsequently shown that humans are able to estimate their heading to within a few degrees using optic flow and other visual cues. For simple linear translation without eye or head rotations, Warren and Hannon (1988) report accurate discrimination of visual heading direction of about 1.5°. Despite the importance of visual information in such tasks, self-motion also involves stimulation of the vestibular end-organs which provide information about the angular and linear accelerations of the head. Our research (Smith et al 2004) has previously shown that humans with intact vestibular function can estimate their direction of linear translation using vestibular cues alone with as much certainty as they do using visual cues. Here we report the results of an ongoing investigation of self-motion estimation which shows that visual and vestibular information can be combined in a statistically optimal fashion. We discuss our results from the perspective that successful execution of self-motion behaviour requires the computation of one’s own spatial orientation relative to the environment. CiteID: 4506 |
| • | Bülthoff HH (September-11-2006): Object Recognition in Man and Machine, Visual Neuroscience - from Spikes to Awareness, Rauischholzhausen, Germany. CiteID: 4182 |
| • | Bülthoff HH (September-11-2006): Multimodal Integration for Perception and Action, Visual Neuroscience - from Spikes to Awareness, Rauischholzhausen, Germany. CiteID: 4183 |
| • | Bülthoff HH (August-29-2006): Multisensory Integration during Active Control, EPFL Brain and Mind Institute, Lausanne. Most experiments which study the mechanisms by which different senses interact in humans focus on perception. In most natural tasks, however, sensory signals are not ultimately used for perception, but rather for action. The effects of the action are sensed again by the sensory system, so that perception and action are complementary parts of a dynamic control system. To get a better understanding of how different senses interact in self-motion, we study the control of self-motion in a closed perception-action loop. Here we investigated how cues from different sensory modalities (visual cues and body cues) are used when humans stabilize a simulated helicopter at a target location. CiteID: 4150 |
| • | Bülthoff HH (August-8-2006): Das Rätsel der Wahrnehmung: Eine Einführung, Wissenschaftsnacht, Tübingen. CiteID: 4136 |
| • | Bülthoff HH and Wertheimer J (August-8-2006): Wie kommt die Welt in den Kopf und wieder heraus: Ein Dialog, Wissenschaftsnacht, Tübingen. CiteID: 4137 |
| • | Bülthoff HH , Berger D and Terzibas C (June-15-2006): From virtual images to actions, Virtual Images Seminar, Paris. Most experiments which study the mechanisms by which different senses interact in humans focus on perception. In most natural tasks, however, sensory signals are not ultimately used for perception, but rather for action. The effects of the action are sensed again by the sensory system, so that perception and action are complementary parts of a dynamic control system. To get a better understanding of how different senses interact in self-motion, we study the control of self-motion in a closed perception-action loop. Here we investigated how cues from different sensory modalities (visual cues and body cues) are used when humans stabilize a simulated helicopter at a target location. CiteID: 4072 |
| • | Bülthoff HH and Wallraven C (May-2006): Multimodal Recognition and Categorization, Vision Science Society Panel Presentation, Sarasota, FL, USA. CiteID: 3997 |
| • | Bülthoff HH (January-25-2006): Perception and Action in Virtual Environments, Winterseminar, Klosters. CiteID: 3851 |
| • | Bülthoff HH (January-16-2006): Integration of visual, auditory and vestibular information in spatial orientation and control tasks, Bayesian Cognition Workshop, Paris. CiteID: 3850 |
| • | Bülthoff HH , Thornton IM , Vuong QC and Chuang L (November-9-2005): Recognising novel deforming objects, 13th Annual Workshop on Object Perception, Attention, and Memory (OPAM 2005), Toronto, Canada13 3. Current theories of visual object recognition tend to focus on static properties, particularly shape. Nonetheless, visual perception is a dynamic experienceas a result of active observers or moving objects. Here, we investigate whether dynamic information can influence visual object-learning. Three learning experiments were conducted that required participants to learn and subsequently recognize different non-rigid objects that deformed over time. Consistent with previous studies of rigid depth-rotation, our results indicate that human observers do represent object-motion. Furthermore, our data suggest that dynamic information could compensate for when static cues are less reliable, for example, as a result of viewpoint variation. CiteID: 3771 |
| • | Bülthoff HH (September-15-2005): Towards a better understanding of motion simulation: a human perspective, DSC 2005 Europe, Guyancourt, France. CiteID: 3572 |
| • | Bülthoff HH , Blanz V , Breidt M , Krimmel M, Schmiedeberg T, Straub-Duffner S, Scherbaum K and Reinert S (August-30-2005): 3D Facial Growth in Healthy Caucasian Infants, ICOMS, Vienna. CiteID: 4099 |
| • | Bülthoff HH , von der Heyde M and Berger DR (July-25-2005): Cognitive influences on self-rotation perception, 1st International Conference on Augmented Cognition, Las Vegas, NV, USA. n this study we examined the types of information that can influence the perception of upright (yaw) rotations. Specifically, we examined the influence of stimulus magnitude, task-induced attention and awareness of inter-sensory conflicts on the weights of visual and body cues. <br> <br> Participants had to reproduce rotations that were presented as simultaneous physical body turns (via a motion platform) and visual turns displayed as a rotating scene. During the active reproduction stage, conflicts between the body and visual rotations were introduced by means of gain factors. Participants were instructed to reproduce either the visual scene rotation or the body rotation. After each trial participants reported whether or not they had perceived a conflict.<br> <br> We found significant influences of the magnitude of the rotation, attention condition (instruction to re produce platform or scene rotation), and reported awareness of a sensory conflict during the reproduction phase. Attention had a larger influence on the response of the participants when they noticed a conflict compared to when they did not perceive a conflict. Attention biased their response towards the attended modality. <br> <br> Our results suggest that not only the stimulus characteristics, but also cognitive factors play a role in the estimation of the size of a rotation in an active turn reproduction task. CiteID: 4221 |
| • | Bülthoff HH (June-19-2005): Keynote Lecture: Multimodal Sensor Fusion in Man and Machine, Robotics Science and Systems, MIT, Cambridge, USA. CiteID: 3477 |
| • | Bülthoff HH (May-16-2005): Perception and Action in Virtual Environments, Department of Psychology, Trinity Colledge, Dublin, Ireland. CiteID: 3440 |
| • | Bülthoff HH (May-6-2005): Novel Egomotion Simulators, Visison Science Society (Panel presentation), Sarasota. CiteID: 3945 |
| • | Bülthoff HH (April-27-2005): Object Recognition in Man and Machine, ICTP workshop on Genes, Development and the Emergence of Behaviour, Psychophysics of Higher Cognitive Functions, Trieste, Italy. CiteID: 3439 |
| • | Bülthoff HH (April-6-2005): Psychophysics in the 21. Century, FhG-MPG Workshop "Mathematik / Informatik", Schloss Birlinghoven, Sankt Augustin, Germany. CiteID: 3360 |
| • | Bülthoff HH (March-4-2005): Wie kommt die Welt in den Kopf? -
Sehen und Erkennen in Natur und Technik, VDMA Mitgliederversammlung, Dresden, Germany. CiteID: 3240 |
| • | Bülthoff HH (February-28-2005): Einführung in die Wahrnehmungsforschung, Blockpraktikum Psychophysik, Tübingen. CiteID: 3848 |
| • | Bülthoff HH (January-21-2005): Perception and Action in Virtual Environments, NASA Ames Research Center, Moffet Field, Ca., USA. CiteID: 3197 |
| • | Bülthoff HH (January-20-2005): Perception and Action in Virtual Environments, Electronic Imaging 2005, VALVE workshop, San Jose, Ca., USA. CiteID: 3196 |
| • | Bülthoff HH (October-12-2004): Perspektiven der Wahrnehmungsforschung, Lions Club, Pforzheim, Germany. CiteID: 2977 |
| • | Bülthoff HH (September-17-2004): Object Recognition, European Summer School "Visual Neuroscience - from Spikes to Awareness", Schloss Rauischholzhausen, Germany. CiteID: 2978 |
| • | Bülthoff HH (August-6-2004): Object Recognition in Man and Machine, Object Recognition, Attention, and Action, COE, University of Kyoto, Japan. CiteID: 2979 |
| • | Bülthoff HH , Newell FN , Hansen PC, Steven MS and Calvert GA (June-2004): An fMRI investigation of visual, tactile and visuo-tactile “what” and “where” dissociations, 5th International Multisensory Research Forum (IMRF 2004), Barcelona, Spain5 (70) . Visual information about the shape and location of objects is processed with different but interrelated pathways. Considerably less is understood about the existence of similar pathways in the tactile domain and how the tactile and visual domains converge to form a coherent multisensory percept. The present fMRI study was conducted to determine how the tactile and visual modalities interact during both shape ("what") and location ("where") tasks. In the visual-visual condition, the "what" task activated a large number of brain areas not observed in the "where" task including hippocampus, fusiform and lingual gyrus, middle and inferior frontal gyri. No additional brain areas were stimulated in the "where" than "what" tasks suggesting that "where" tasks recruit a subset of those brain areas involved in matching information relating to identity. In contrast, activity during the tactile-tactile condition differed according to task. Activity during the "what" task was greater in the right superior temporal gyrus, and during the "where" task in the left inferior parietal lobule. Brain areas activated during visuo-tactile object recognition included areas previously implicated in visuo-tactile object matching tasks. These areas were not similarly active during the visuo-tactile "where" task suggesting they may be specific for crossmodal object recognition. CiteID: NewellHSBC2004 |
| • | Bülthoff HH (May-29-2004): Artificial and Natural Vision, 3rd Peter Wallenberg Symposium Sensing and Feeling, Hanaholmen, Helsinki, Finnland. CiteID: 2980 |
| • | Bülthoff HH (May-26-2004): Categorization & Recognition of Structures, Events and Objects, Final Review meeting of the EU IST Project COGVIS, Stockholm, Sweden. CiteID: 2981 |
| • | Bülthoff HH (March-12-2004): Einführung in die Wahrnehmungsforschung, Blockpraktikum Psychophysik, Tübingen. CiteID: 3849 |
| • | Bülthoff HH (December-1-2003): Die hohe Kunst des Sehens. Oder: Was können die Computer noch vom Menschen lernen?, Siemens Stiftung, München, Germany. CiteID: 2982 |
| • | Bülthoff HH (November-28-2003): Perception and Action in Virtual Environments, MPG-Sektionssymposium, Berlin, Germany. CiteID: 2983 |
| • | Bülthoff HH (November-9-2003): Computational modeling of face recognition, Psychonomics, Vancouver, Canada. CiteID: 2984 |
| • | Bülthoff HH (October-27-2003): Keynote Lecture: Multimodal Sensor Fusion in the Human Brain, IROS 2003, Las Vegas, USA. CiteID: 2985 |
| • | Bülthoff HH (October-7-2003): Perception and Action in Virtual Environments, Telepresence and Teleaction, München, Germany . CiteID: 2986 |
| • | Bülthoff HH , von der Heyde M , Riecke BE and Schulte-Pelkum J (October-2003): Circular vection is facilitated by a consistent photorealistic scene, Proceedings of Presence 20031-5. Full paper of talk presented at Presence 2003, Aalborg, Denmark CiteID: 2505 |
| • | Bülthoff HH (September-20-2003): State of the art lecture, 6. Bamberger Morphologietage, Bamberg, Germany. CiteID: 2987 |
| • | Bülthoff HH (July-3-2003): Virtuelle Welten: Ein neuer Weg zur Erforschung des Gehirns, Neurobiologisches Kolloquium der Universität Oldenburg, Oldenburg. CiteID: 2988 |
| • | Bülthoff HH , Newell FN and Ernst M (June-2003): Multisensory perception of actively explored objects, 4th International Multisensory Research Forum (IMRF 2003), Hamilton, Canada4 (76) . Many objects in our world can be picked up and freely manipulated, thus allowing information about an object to be available to both the visual and haptic systems. However, we understand very little about how object information is shared across the modalities. Under constrained viewing cross-modal object recognition is most efficient when the same surface of an object is presented to the visual and haptic systems (Newell et al. 2001). Here we tested cross modal recognition under active manipulation and unconstrained viewing of the objects. In Experiment 1, participants were allowed 30 seconds to learn unfamiliar objects visually or haptically. Haptic learning resulted in relatively poor haptic recogition performance relative to visual recognition. In Experiment 2, we increased the learning time for haptic exploration and found equivalent haptic and visual recognition, but a cost in cross modal recognition. In Experiment 3, participants learned the objects using both modalities together, vision alone or haptics alone. Recognition performance was tested using both modalities together. We found that recognition performance was significantly better when objects were learned by both modalities than either of the modalities alone. Our results suggest that efficient cross modal performance depends on the spatial correspondence of object information across modalities. CiteID: NewellBE2003 |
| • | Bülthoff HH (May-6-2003): Human Psychophysics and Presence, Telecom Italia Future Center, San Salvador, Venice, Italy. CiteID: 2989 |
| • | Bülthoff HH (January-23-2003): What Computers can't do yet: See and Feel, 38th Winter Seminar, Klosters, Switzerland. CiteID: 2990 |
| • | Bülthoff HH (January-21-2003): Wie kommt die Welt in den Kopf? - Sehen und Erkennen in Natur und Technik, FH Darmstadt (University of Applied Sciences) FB Mathematik und Naturwissenschaften, Darmstadt, Germany. CiteID: 2991 |
| • | Bülthoff HH (January-14-2003): Keynote lecture: Biomorphic Robotics, FET Information Event "Beyond Robotics", Brussels, Belgium. CiteID: 2992 |
| • | Bülthoff HH (January-8-2003): Le codage égocentrique dans la perception visuelle et haptique des objets.
(En anglais avec résumé en français)
(Discutant: Dr Daniel Bennequin), Chaire de Physiologie de la Perception et de l‘Action M. Alain BERTHOZ, Professeur, Institut de Mathématiques, College de France, Paris, France. CiteID: 2993 |
| • | Bülthoff HH (November-30-2002): Virtual Reality as a Tool to Study Human Perception and Cognition, IEEE Visualization 2002, Boston, USA. CiteID: 3017 |
| • | Bülthoff HH (November-28-2002): Wie kommt die Welt in den Kopf? - Sehen und Erkennen in Natur und Technik, AMBASSADOR CLUB, Bamberg, Germany. CiteID: 3018 |
| • | Bülthoff HH , Tjan BS , Kourtzi Z , Grodd W and Lestou V (November-2002): Human fMRI Studies of Visual Processing in Noise, 32nd Annual Meeting of the Society for Neuroscience (Neuroscience 2002), Orlando, FL, USA32 (721.1) . Processing of visual information entails the extraction of features from retinal images that mediate visual perception. In the human ventral cortex, retinotopic and higher visual areas (e.g. Lateral Occipital Complex-LOC) have been implicated in the analysis of simple and more complex features respectively. To test how processing of complex natural images progresses across the human ventral cortex, we used images of scenes and added visual noise that matched the signal in spatial-frequency power spectrum. The resulting images were rescaled to ensure constant mean luminance and r.m.s. contrast across all noise levels. We localized individually in each observer the retinotopic regions and the LOC and measured event-related BOLD response in these regions during a scene discrimination task performed at 4 noise levels. Behavioral accuracy increased with increasing signal-to-noise ratio (SNR). We found that log %BOLD signal change from fixation baseline vs. log SNR is well-described by a straight line for all visual areas. The regression slope increased monotonically from lower to higher visual areas along the ventral stream. For example, changes by a factor of 8 in SNR produced little or no change to the BOLD response in V1/V2, but resulted in progressively larger increases in V4v, posterior, and anterior sub-regions of the LOC. These findings suggest that the use of visual noise can reveal the progression in complexity of the natural-image features that are processed across the human visual areas. CiteID: TjanLKGB2002 |
| • | Bülthoff HH (October-23-2002): Objekterkennung in Biologie und Technik., Kolloquium des Instituts für Kognitionswissenschaft, Osnabrück, Germany. CiteID: 3019 |
| • | Bülthoff HH (October-4-2002): Wie kommt die Welt in unseren Kopf?, "Salon", Tübingen, Germany. CiteID: 3020 |
| • | Bülthoff HH (September-19-2002): High-level Vision in Man and Machine., ETH Zürich, Zürich, Switzerland. CiteID: 3021 |
| • | Bülthoff HH (August-14-2002) Keynote Lecture: View-Based Dynamic Object Recognition Based on Human Perception, 16th International Conference on Pattern Recognition (ICPR 2002), Québec, Canada. CiteID: 3022 |
| • | Bülthoff HH , Thornton IM and Vuong QC (August-2002): Direction asymmetries for incidentally processed walking figures, 25th European Conference on Visual Perception, Glasgow, UK, Perception31 (ECVP Abstract Supplement) 151. Recently we have begun to explore the incidental processing of biological motion. We ask whether walking figures that an observer is told to ignore still affect performance on a primary task. Using a number of different paradigms, we have shown that to-be-ignored walkers are still processed and can affect behaviour. During the course of these studies we have observed that such incidental effects are often modulated by the left - right orientation of the ignored walkers. More specifically, the extent of interference tends to be much larger when the to-be-ignored figures are shown in left profile versus right profile. Furthermore, the magnitude of the asymmetry tends to be much larger when the primary task itself is attentionally demanding. Here, we present data from two paradigms, an Eriksen flanker task and a novel 'checkerboard' task. In the latter, alternate display squares contain either a walking figure or a patch of randomly moving dots. Observers are told to ignore the walkers and have to make judgments on the relative phase of the dot patterns. Data from both tasks are used to illustrate the aforementioned direction asymmetry and the results are discussed in terms of canonical viewpoints for attentional sprites. CiteID: ThorntonVB2002 |
| • | Bülthoff HH (July-9-2002): Virtuelle Welten: Ein neuer Weg zur Erforschung des Gehirns, Universität Mainz, Studium Generale, Mainz, Germany. CiteID: 3028 |
| • | Bülthoff HH (July-1-2002): San Bernardino Tunnel, Gestaltung und Tunnelsicherheit., HTW Chur, Chur, Switzerland. CiteID: 3024 |
| • | Bülthoff HH (June-1-2002): Image-based object recognition., SFB 517, International Symposium at the Hanse Wissenschaftskolleg, Delmenhorst, Germany. CiteID: 3025 |
| • | Bülthoff HH (March-19-2002): Image-based object recognition in man and machines., University of Southern California, Los Angeles, USA. CiteID: 3027 |
| • | Bülthoff HH (March-18-2002): Image-based object recognition in man and machines., California Institute of Technology (Caltech), Pasadena, USA. CiteID: 3026 |
| • | Bülthoff HH (December-8-2001): Recognition with local features under illumination changes, IEEE Computer Society Conference on Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition (CVPR 2001), Kauai, HI, USA. CiteID: 3033 |
| • | Bülthoff HH (November-26-2001): Biologische und maschinelle Objekterkennung, Universität Bremen, Vortrag im SFB 517 - Neurokognition, Montagskolloquium im SFB, Bremen, Germany. CiteID: 3036 |
| • | Bülthoff HH (November-20-2001): Dynamic Facial Expressions., EU Comic meeting, Brüssel, Belgien. CiteID: 3034 |
| • | Bülthoff HH (November-7-2001): Object and Face Recognition in Man and Machines, Mathematisches Forschungsinstitut, Oberwolfach, Germany. CiteID: 3035 |
| • | Bülthoff HH (October-18-2001): Object and Face Recognition in Man and Machines, Universität, Institut für Psychologie, Vortrag im Graduiertenkolleg, Berlin, Germany. CiteID: 3038 |
| • | Bülthoff HH (October-11-2001): Die Welt in unseren Köpfen: Sehen und Erkennen in Natur und Technik, Vortrag im Zeppelin Museum, Friedrichshafen, Germany. CiteID: 3037 |
| • | Bülthoff HH (August-24-2001): Object and Face Recognition in Man and Machines, Stanford University, Psych. Department, Stanford, USA. CiteID: 3039 |
| • | Bülthoff HH (August-7-2001): Object and Face Recognition in Man and Machines, University of Berkeley, USA. CiteID: 3041 |
| • | Bülthoff HH , Thornton IM and Knappmeyer B (August-2001): Characteristic motion of human face and human form, Twenty-fourth European Conference on Visual Perception, Kusadasi, Turkey, Perception30 (ECVP Abstract Supplement) 33. Do object representations contain information about characteristic motion as well as characteristic form? To address this question we recorded face and body motion of human actors and applied these patterns to computer models. During an incidental learning phase observers were asked to make trait judgments about these animated faces (experiment 1) or characters (experiment 2). During training, the faces and characters always moved with the motion of one particular actor. For example, face A was always animated with actor A's motion, and face B with actor B's motion. In tests, stimuli were either consistent (face A/actor A) or inconsistent (face A/actor B) relative to training. In addition, we systematically introduced ambiguity to the form of the stimuli (eg morphing between face A and face B). Results indicate that as form becomes less informative, observers' responses become biased by the incidentally learned motion patterns. We conclude that information about characteristic motion seems to be part of the representation of these objects. As shape and motion information can be combined independently with this technique, future studies will allow us to quantify the relative importance of characteristic motion versus characteristic form. CiteID: 1406 |
| • | Bülthoff HH (July-30-2001): Image-based object recognition in man and machines, ICRA (IEEE International Symposium on Computational Intelligence in Robotics and Automation), Vortrag im workshop: "Vision-based object recognition in Robotics, BANFF, Kanada. CiteID: 3040 |
| • | Bülthoff HH (July-30-2001): Dynamic Aspects of Object and Face Recognition, Stockholm Workshop on Computational Vision, Rosenon, Schweden. CiteID: 3042 |
| • | Bülthoff HH (June-28-2001): Sehen und Erkennen in Natur und Technik (und Kunst), Dissertationswettbewerb, MPI für Psychologische Forschung, München, Germany. CiteID: 3043 |
| • | Bülthoff HH (November-29-2000): Image-based object recognition, gemeinsames Forschungskolloquium "Theoretische und Experimentelle Kognitions-Psychologie" des Max Planck Instituts für Psychologische Forschung der der Allgemeinen und Experimentellen Psychologie der Ludwig-Maximilians-Universität München LMU, München, Germany. CiteID: 3069 |
| • | Bülthoff HH (November-3-2000): Image-based Object Recognition, University of Glasgow, Psychology Department, Glasgow, UK. CiteID: 3070 |
| • | Bülthoff HH (October-27-2000): Image-based Object Recognition, University of Zurich, Institute of Neuroinformatics, Zürich, Switzerland. CiteID: 3071 |
| • | Bülthoff HH (August-27-2000) Keynote Lecture: Visual, haptic, and vestibular cue integration, 23rd European Conference on Visual Perception (ECVP 2000), Groningen, Netherlands, Perception29 (ECVP Abstract Supplement) 3-4. In the past we have studied the integration of different visual cues for depth perception. Recently we have begun to study the interaction between cues from different sensory modalities. In a recent paper (Ernst et al, 2000 Nature Neuroscience 3 69 - 73) we could show that active touch of a surface can change the visual perception of surface slant. Apparently, haptic information can change the weights assigned to different visual cues for surface orientation. In another multisensory integration project we could show that visual and haptic information about the shape of objects can lead to a common representation with cross modal access [Bülthoff et al, 1999 Investigative Ophthalmology & Visual Science 40(4) 398]. Now we are investigating another input into our spatial representation system. Using a 6-DOF Motion Platform we are studying the interaction between the vestibular and the visual system for recognition. I report on first experiments that show that we can derive reliable information about position and velocity of a moving observer from the vestibular system. This information could be used for spatial updating in recognition tasks where the recognition of objects or scenes is facilitated by knowing the position and viewing direction of the observer. CiteID: 3072 |
| • | Bülthoff HH , Cunningham DW and Chatziastros A (August-2000): Can we be forced off the road by the visual motion of snowflakes? Immediate and longer-term responses to visual perturbations, 23rd European Conference on Visual Perception (ECVP 2000), Groningen, Netherlands, Perception29 (ECVP Abstract Supplement) 118. Several sources of information have been proposed for the perception of heading. Here, we independently varied two such sources (optic flow and viewing direction) to examine the influence of perceived heading on driving. Participants were asked to stay in the middle of a straight road while driving through a snowstorm in a simulated, naturalistic environment. Subjects steered with a forced-feedback steering wheel in front of a large cylindrical screen. The flow field was varied by translating the snow field perpendicularly to the road, producing a second focus of expansion (FOE) with an offset of 15°, 30°, or 45°. The perceived direction was altered by changing the viewing direction 5°, 10°, or 15°. The onset time, direction, and magnitude of the two disturbances were pseudo-randomly ordered. The translating snow field caused participants to steer towards the FOE of the snow, resulting in a significant lateral displacement on the road. This might be explained by induced motion. Specifically, the motion of the snow might have been misperceived as a translation of the road. On the other hand, changes in viewing direction resulted in subjects steering towards the road's new vantage point. While the effect of snow persisted over repeated exposures, the viewing-direction effect attenuated. CiteID: 652 |
| • | Bülthoff HH (June-26-2000): Keynote Lecture: Computer Graphics Psychophysics, Eurographics Workshop on Rendering Techniques 2000, Brno, Czech Republic. CiteID: 3073 |
| • | Bülthoff HH (June-23-2000): Image-based Object Recognition, Ecole Polytechnique & LPPA (College de France), Paris, France. CiteID: 3074 |
| • | Bülthoff HH (May-15-2000): Image-based Object Recognition and Example-based Face Synthesis, First Internat. Conf. on Biological Motivated Computer Vision, Seoul, Korea. CiteID: 3075 |
| • | Bülthoff HH (February-25-2000): Multisensory Recognition of Objects, 3. Tübinger Wahrnehmungskonferenz (TWK 2000), Tübingen, Germany24. these representations are useful, if not essential, in a wide variety of cognitive tasks such as identification of objects, guiding actions and in directing spatial awareness and attention. Determining the properties of this representation has long since been a contentious issue. One method of probing the nature of human representation is by determining the extent to which it can surpass or go beyond visual (or sensory) experience. From a strictly empiricist standpoint what cannot be seen cannot be represented; except as a combination of things that have been experienced. In this case representation is always limited by experience and one such limitation on experience is that we always perceive the world from a specific viewpoint determined by our position in space. We show that going beyond experience is extremely difficult to do. This is demonstrated mainly by the learning and recognition of objects, both novel and familiar. However, from a psychological standpoint it is pointless discussing representation devoid of the functional role it plays in facilitating cognitive tasks. In considering the functional role of representation we must shed the simplifying assumption of an independent and modular visual system that reconstructs distal space and replace it with a functional definition which depends on the cognitive task and which is limited by attention. We therefore also present an overview of a new series of ‘old-fashioned’ object and scene recognition studies carried out within realistic, interactive, contexts. We find the most flexible means of looking at the functional role of representation is within virtual (computer generated) contexts. Computer simulations can now provide both highly realistic visual contexts as well as realistic interactivity, including feedback. We demonstrate how this new technology can be used to address an old problem. In cases where this technology is not advanced enough to provide multisensory information about the shape of objects we used real objects made out of LegoTM bricks. With these objects we studied how the brain exchanges visual and haptic information to build a more complete representation of object shape learned in one orientation and tested in a different orientation. We found that visual as well as haptic recognition strongly depends on the orientation difference between training and testing. Interestingly we found that recognition across modalities was best for rotations that involved an exchange between the front and back of an object. Taken together, we conclude that the visual and haptic system code view-specific representations of objects, but each system has its own "view"of an object. For the visual system it is the surface of the object facing the observer; for the haptic system, it is the surface of the object that the fingers explore more extensively, namely, the backside of the object. CiteID: 3076 |
| • | Bülthoff HH (February-12-2000): Recognition and Navigation in Virtual Environments, IHEAR Workshop on Acoustic Ecology, Vancouver, Canada. CiteID: 3077 |
| • | Bülthoff HH (January-22-2000): Image-based Recognition in Man, Monkey and Machines, Interdisziplinäres Kolloquium, Klosters, Schweiz. CiteID: 3078 |
| • | Bülthoff HH (November-25-1999): Die Welt in unseren Köpfen: Sehen und Erkennen in Natur und Technik, Universität Kaiserslautern, Studium Integrale, Kaiserslautern, Germany. CiteID: 3079 |
| • | Bülthoff HH (November-12-1999): How to cheat and get away with it or what computer graphics can learn from human psychophysics, Eberhard-Karls Universität, Wilhelm-Schickard Institut für Informatik (WSI-GRIS), Tübingen, Germany. CiteID: 3080 |
| • | Bülthoff HH (October-3-1999): Die Welt in unseren Köpfen: Sehen und Erkennen in Natur und Technik, Symposium "Turm der Sinne", Nürnberg, Germany. CiteID: 3081 |
| • | Bülthoff HH (August-16-1999): Recognition of objects and scenes in virtual and real environments, Smith-Kettlewell Institute, San Francisco, USA. CiteID: 3082 |
| • | Bülthoff HH (August-10-1999): Image-based strategies in man, monkeys, and machines, SIGGRAPH Conference, Los Angeles, USA. CiteID: 3083 |
| • | Bülthoff HH (July-21-1999): Multisensory recognition of objects and scenes, ATR symposium on face and object recognition, Kyoto, Japan. CiteID: 3085 |
| • | Bülthoff HH (June-30-1999): Virtuelle Realität: ein methodisches Werkzeug bei Untersuchungen des Sehsystems, Neurologische Klinik, Freiburg, Germany. CiteID: 3084 |
| • | Bülthoff HH (May-19-1999): Using virtual reality technology to study the human representation of space and objects, Werner Reimers Stiftung, Bad Homburg, Germany. CiteID: 3086 |
| • | Bülthoff HH (March-23-1999): Die hohe Kunst des Sehens: Erkennen in Natur und Technik, Hospitalhof Stuttgart: Evangelisches Bildungswerk, Stuttgart, Germany. CiteID: 3087 |
| • | Bülthoff HH (October-30-1998): Sixth Kanizsa Lecture: Perception and Action: Controlling the loop using Virtual Realities, University of Trieste, Trieste, Italy. CiteID: 3088 |
| • | Bülthoff HH (August-26-1998): Vision in a Natural Environment, Keynote Lecture at the 21st European Conference on Visual Perception, Oxford, England. CiteID: 3089 |
| • | Bülthoff HH (August-5-1998): View-based Recognition and Navigation in Natural Environments, The 1998 Stockholm Workshop on Computational Vision, Rosenön, Sweden. CiteID: 3090 |
| • | Bülthoff HH (June-25-1998): View-based Strategies for Recognition and Navigation, ENA Workshop on Neuroinformatics, Potsdam, Germany. CiteID: 3091 |
| • | Bülthoff HH (June-19-1998): Wahrnehmen und Agieren im Raum, Universität Zürich. Psychologisches Institut, Zürich, Switzerland. CiteID: 3092 |
| • | Bülthoff HH (April-20-1998): Gehirn und Wahrnehmung: Neueste Erkenntnisse aus der Hirnforschung, HNF Paderborn, Paderborn, Germany. CiteID: 3093 |
| • | Bülthoff HH (April-5-1998): Vision in the Perception Action Framework, Symposium The Neurology of Vision: New Vistas, Tübingen, Germany. CiteID: 3094 |
| • | Bülthoff HH (February-18-1998): Die Welt in unseren Köpfen: Sehen und Erkennen in Natur und Technik, Deutsches Museum, München, Germany. CiteID: 3095 |
| • | Bülthoff HH (February-12-1998): Sehen und Erkennen in Technik und Biologie, Naturforschende Gesellschaft Graubünden, Chur, Switzerland. CiteID: 3096 |
| • | Bülthoff HH (January-23-1998): Bild-basierte Objekterkennung, Universität Marburg, Marburg, Germany. CiteID: 3097 |
| • | Bülthoff HH (October-12-1997): Computational theory of vision, Summerschool Graduierten Kolleg (GKN), Konstanz, Germany. CiteID: 3098 |
| • | Bülthoff HH (October-3-1997): Scene recognition in virtual environments, Conference on Vision for Reach and Grasp, Minneapolis, USA. CiteID: 3099 |
| • | Bülthoff HH (September-3-1997): View-based object recognition, 4eme Assises de Programme de Recherche en Sciences Cognitives de Toulouse, Toulouse, Frankreich. CiteID: 3100 |
| • | Bülthoff HH (April-4-1997): View-based shape representation, Spring School Conference, Utrecht, Netherlands. CiteID: 3101 |
| • | Bülthoff HH (March-25-1997): The view-based approach to object recognition, scene perception and biological motion, Conference on Active Vision in Animals and Machines, Berlin, Germany. CiteID: 3102 |
| • | Bülthoff HH (January-8-1997): View-based representations, navigation and biological motion perception, AVM 97, St.-Francois-Longchamps, France. CiteID: 3103 |
| • | Bülthoff HH (July-22-1996): Integration of Visual Cues, Neuroinformatik Symposium, Schloß Reisensburg, Germany. CiteID: 3105 |
| • | Bülthoff HH (May-28-1996): Psychophysik des Sehens, Bundesministerium für Bildung und Forschung, Bonn, Germany. CiteID: 3106 |
| • | Bülthoff HH (January-26-1996): Object and Face Recognition, NHK Corporation, Tokyo, Japan. CiteID: 3107 |
| • | Bülthoff HH (January-26-1996): View-based object recognition and navigation, IEICE Technical Meeting, Tokyo, Japan. CiteID: 3108 |
| • | Bülthoff HH (January-23-1996): View-based object recognition: the role of parts, symmetry and illumination, ATR Symposium on Face and Object Recognition, Kyoto, Japan. CiteID: 3109 |
| • | Bülthoff HH (December-7-1995): Psychophysical support for image-based object recognition, Second Asian Conference on Computer Vision, Singapore. CiteID: 3110 |
| • | Bülthoff HH (September-15-1995): Recognition and navigation in virtual realities, Bristish Association - Annual Festival of Science, University of Newcastle, Newcastle upon Tyne, England. CiteID: 3111 |
| • | Bülthoff HH (June-29-1995): Objekterkennung und Raumorientierung ohne drei-dimensionale Repräsentation, Universität Ulm, Fakultät für Informatik, Abtlg. Neuroinformatik, Ulm, Germany. CiteID: 3112 |
| • | Bülthoff HH (June-22-1995): Sprache, Sehen, Gedächtnis: Neue Methoden der Hirnforschung, Hauptversammlung der Max-Planck Gesellschaft, Potsdam, Germany. CiteID: 3113 |
| • | Bülthoff HH (June-12-1995): Objekterkennung und Raumorientierung ohne drei-dimensionale Repräsentation, Universität Bremen, Institut für Hirnforschung, Bremen, Germany. CiteID: 3114 |
| • | Bülthoff HH (March-13-1995): How are three-dimensional objects represented in the brain?, AT&T, Bell Laboratories, Holmdel, USA. CiteID: 3115 |
| • | Bülthoff HH (March-12-1995): Image-based Object Recognition, NECI workshop, Princeton, USA. CiteID: 3116 |
| • | Bülthoff HH (December-14-1994): Drei-dimensionale Objekterkennung ohne drei-dimensionale Repräsentation, Universität Bremen, Informatik-AG KI, Bremen, Germany. CiteID: 3117 |
| • | Bülthoff HH (December-12-1994): Drei-dimensionale Objekterkennung ohne drei-dimensionale Repräsentation, Institut für Biologie II, Aachen, Germany. CiteID: 3118 |
| • | Bülthoff HH (November-24-1994): Drei-dimensionale Objekterkennung ohne drei-dimensionale Repräsentation, Max-Planck Institut für psychologische Forschung, München, Germany. CiteID: 3119 |
| • | Bülthoff HH (October-2-1994): Psychophysical support for a Bayesian framework for depth-cue integration, OSA Conference invited talk, Dallas, USA. CiteID: 3120 |
| • | Bülthoff HH (September-6-1994): Image-based Object Recognition: Psychophysics, ENA conference, Vienna, Austria. CiteID: 3121 |
| • | Bülthoff HH (July-11-1994): A Bayesian Framework for the Integration of Depth Cues, A&P Conference, Kyoto, Japan. CiteID: 3122 |
| • | Bülthoff HH (July-7-1994): A Bayesian Framework for the Integration of Depth Cues, Stereo-Workshop, Tübingen, Germany. CiteID: 3123 |
| • | Bülthoff HH (June-30-1994): Virtual Reality: Ein Werkzeug in der psychophysischen Gehirnforschung, Studium Generale, Tübingen, Germany. CiteID: 3124 |
| • | Bülthoff HH (April-9-1994): How are three-dimensional objects represented in the brain?, Object Recognition Symposium, Syracuse, USA. CiteID: 3125 |
| • | Bülthoff HH (January-27-1994): Does the Seeing Brain know Physics?, Neurokolloquium, Tübingen, Germany. CiteID: 3126 |
| • | Bülthoff HH (April-26-1993): 3D Objekterkennung ohne 3D Repräsentation, University of Bremen, Bremen, Germany. CiteID: 3150 |
| • | Bülthoff HH (January-6-1993): Ideal observers and psychophysics: shape from texture, Chatham meeting on "Perception as Bayesian Inference", Cape Cod, MA., USA. CiteID: 3151 |
| • | Bülthoff HH (January-5-1993): A Bayesian approach to sensor fusion: strong coupling and competitive priors, Chatham meeting on "Perception as Bayesian Inference", Cape Cod, MA., USA. CiteID: 3152 |
| • | Bülthoff HH (October-28-1992): 3D Object Recognition without 3D Object Representation, University of Western Ontario, London, Ontario. CiteID: 3129 |
| • | Bülthoff HH (April-20-1992): Psychophysical support for a 2D view interpolation theory of object recognition, Harvard University, Cambridge, MA., USA. CiteID: 3130 |
| • | Bülthoff HH (April-3-1992): Integration of Visual Modules, Boston University, Boston, MA., USA. CiteID: 3132 |
| • | Bülthoff HH (January-30-1992): 3D Object Recognition by 2D View Interpolation: more evidence from human and monkey psychophysics, Weizmann Institute, Rehovot, Israel. CiteID: 3127 |
| • | Bülthoff HH (January-28-1992): Computer Graphics Psychophysics of early, middle and highlevel vision, IAICV conference plenary talk, Ramt-Gan, Israel. CiteID: 3128 |
| • | Bülthoff HH (January-10-1992): Learning to Recognize 3D Objects from a small set of 2D Images, M.I.T. Endicott House Learning Meeting, Boston, MA, USA. CiteID: 3131 |
| • | Bülthoff HH (December-6-1991): Psychophysical support for a 2D view interpolation theory of object recognition, Neural Information Processing Workshop on Self-Organization and Unsupervised Learning in Vision, Vail, CO., USA. CiteID: 3133 |
| • | Bülthoff HH (October-21-1991): Computer Graphik Psychophysik: Ein neuer Ansatz zur Aufklärung kognitiver Sehleistungen, Max Planck Institut für biologische Kybernetik, Tübingen, Germany. CiteID: 3134 |
| • | Bülthoff HH (September-29-1991): Evaluating Object Recognition Theories by Computer Graphics Psychophysics, Dahlem Workshop on Exploring Brain Functions: Models in Neuroscience, Berlin, Germany. CiteID: 3135 |
| • | Bülthoff HH (September-25-1991): Learning and Object Recognition: from Computation to Psychophysics, Caltech, Pasadena, CA., USA. CiteID: 3136 |
| • | Bülthoff HH (May-17-1991): 3D Object Recognition without 3D Object Representation, Baylor College of Medicine, Houston, TX., USA. CiteID: 3137 |
| • | Bülthoff HH (April-25-1991): 3D Object Recognition without 3D Object Representation., Yale University, Department of Psychology, New Haven, CT., USA. CiteID: 3138 |
| • | Bülthoff HH (March-6-1991): 3D Object Recognition without 3D Object Representation., MIT, Department of Brain and Cognitive Sciences, Cambridge, MA., USA . CiteID: 3139 |
| • | Bülthoff HH (November-6-1990): Shape from X: psychophysics and computation, SPIE Conference on Sensor Fusion III: 3-D Perception and Recognition, Boston, MA., USA. CiteID: 3142 |
| • | Bülthoff HH (November-3-1990): Bildzentrierte Repräsentationen in dreidimensionaler Objekterkennung, Universität Ulm, Lehrstuhl für Informatik, Ulm, Germany. CiteID: 3141 |
| • | Bülthoff HH (September-3-1990): Integration von Modulen zur Wahrnehmung von Oberflächen und Objekten, Max Planck Institut für biologische Kybernetik, Tübingen, Germany. CiteID: 3143 |
| • | Bülthoff HH (August-30-1990): Integration von Modulen zur Wahrnehmung von Oberflächen und Objekten, Ruhr-Universität Bochum. Lehrstuhl für Neuroinformatik, Bochum, Germany. CiteID: 3144 |
| • | Bülthoff HH (July-26-1990): Integration of various cues to depth, THE RANK PRIZE FUNDS, Neural Representation of 3-D Space, Grasmere, UK. CiteID: 3145 |
| • | Bülthoff HH (July-12-1990): Integration of Depth Modules, Robotics System Design Department of Computer Science Industrial Partners Program, Brown University, Providence, RI. USA. CiteID: 3146 |
| • | Bülthoff HH (March-28-1990): Integration of Depth Information, Conference on "Computational Models in Vision'', Trieste, Italy. CiteID: 3148 |
| • | Bülthoff HH (March-14-1990): Does the Seeing Brain know Physics, Department of Applied Mathematics, Brown University, Providence, RI., USA. CiteID: 3147 |
Bücher (3): | |
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Curio C
 , Bülthoff HH und Giese MA : Dynamic Faces: Insights from Experiments and Computation, 288, MIT Press, Cambridge, MA, USA, (October-2010).
ISBN: 978-0-262-01453-3
 
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von der Heyde M
und Bülthoff HH : Perception and Action in Virtual Environments: selected papers from the Cognitive and Computational Psychophysics Department, 1997 - 2000, 416, Max Planck Institute for Biological Cybernetics, Tübingen, Germany, (2000).
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Tarr MJ
und Bülthoff HH : Object Recognition in Man, Monkey, and Machine, 217, MIT Press, Cambridge, MA, USA, (March-1999).
ISBN: 978-0-262-70070-2
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Tagungsbände (14): | |
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Bülthoff HH , Chatziastros A , Mallot HA und : 10th Tübingen Perception Conference: TWK 2007, 10th Tübinger Wahrnehmungskonferenz, 163, Knirsch, Kirchentellinsfurt, Germany, (July-2007). 978-3-927091-77-1
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Bülthoff HH , Gillner S , Mallot HA und : 9th Tübingen Perception Conference: TWK 2006, 9th Tübinger Wahrnehmungskonferenz, 177, Knirsch, Kirchentellinsfurt, Germany, (March-2006). 3-927091-73-1
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Bülthoff HH , Mallot HA , und Wichmann FA : 8th Tübingen Perception Conference: TWK 2005, 8th Tübinger Wahrnehmungskonferenz, 202, Knirsch, Kirchentellinsfurt, Germany, (February-2005). 3-927091-70-7
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, Bülthoff HH und Mallot HA : Dynamic Perception: Workshop of the GI Section "Computer Vision", 5th Workshop on Dynamic Perception 2004, 253, Akademische Verlagsgesellschaft, Berlin, Germany, (November-2004). 3-89838-059-9 |
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Rasmussen CE , Bülthoff HH , Giese MA und Schölkopf B : Pattern Recognition: 26th DAGM Symposium, 26th Pattern Recognition Symposium, 581, Springer, Berlin, Germany, (August-2004). 978-3-540-22945-2
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Bülthoff HH , Mallot HA , und Wichmann FA : 7th Tübingen Perception Conference: TWK 2004, TWK 2004, 198, Knirsch, Kirchentellinsfurt, Germany, (February-2004). 3-927091-68-5
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Bülthoff HH , , und Wallraven C : Biologically Motivated Computer Vision: Second International Workshop, 2nd International Workshop on Biologically Motivated Computer Vision (BMCV 2002), 662, Springer, Berlin, Germany, (August-2003). 3-540-00174-3
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Bülthoff HH , Gegenfurtner K , Mallot HA , und Wichmann FA : 6. Tübinger Wahrnehmungskonferenz, Sixth Perception Conference at Tübingen (TWK 2003), 183, Knirsch, Kirchentellinsfurt, Germany, (February-2003). 3-927091-62-6
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Bülthoff HH , Gegenfurtner K , Mallot HA und : TWK 2002 : Beiträge zur 5. Tübinger Wahrnehmungskonferenz, 5. Tübinger Wahrnehmungskonferenz (TWK 2002), 222, Knirsch, Kirchentellinsfurt, Germany, (February-2002). 3-927091-56-1
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Bülthoff HH , Gegenfurtner K , Mallot HA und : TWK 2001: Beiträge zur 4. Tübinger Wahrnehmungskonferenz, 4. Tübinger Wahrnehmungskonferenz (TWK 2001), 184, Knirsch, Kirchentellinsfurt, Germany, (March-2001). 3-927091-54-5
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, Bülthoff HH und : Biologically Motivated Computer Vision: First IEEE International Workshop on Biologically Motivated Computer Vision (BMCV 2000), First IEEE International Workshop on Biologically Motivated Computer Vision (BMCV 2000), 656, Springer, Berlin, Germany, (May-2000). 978-3-540-67560-0
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Bülthoff HH , , Gegenfurtner K und Mallot HA : TWK 2000: Beiträge zur 3. Tübinger Wahrnehmungskonferenz, 3. Tübinger Wahrnehmungskonferenz (TWK 2000), 169, Knirsch, Kirchentellinsfurt, Germany, (February-2000). 3-927091-49-9
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Bülthoff HH , , Gegenfurtner K und Mallot HA : Beiträge zur 2. Tübinger Wahrnehmungskonferenz, 2. Tübinger Wahrnehmungskonferenz (TWK 99), 134, Knirsch, Kirchentellinsfurt, Germany, (February-1999). 3-927091-45-6
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Bülthoff HH , , Gegenfurtner K und Mallot HA : Visuelle Wahrnehmung: Beiträge zur 1. Tübinger Wahrnehmungskonferenz, 1. Tübinger Wahrnehmungskonferenz (TWK 1998), 170, Knirsch, Kirchentellinsfurt, Germany, (February-1998). 3-927091-40-5
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Artikel (179): | |
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Neth CT , Souman JL , Engel D , , Bülthoff HH und Mohler BJ (July-2012) Velocity-Dependent Dynamic Curvature Gain for Redirected Walking
IEEE Transactions on Visualization and Computer Graphics 18(7) 1041-1052.
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Barnett-Cowan M , Meilinger T , Vidal M , Teufel H und Bülthoff HH (May-2012) MPI CyberMotion Simulator: Implementation of a Novel Motion Simulator to Investigate Multisensory Path Integration in Three Dimensions
Journal of Visualized Experiments 63(5) 1-6.
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Campos JL , Butler JS und Bülthoff HH (May-2012) Multisensory integration in the estimation of walked distances
Experimental Brain Research 218(4) 551-565.
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Barnett-Cowan M , Raeder SM und Bülthoff HH (May-2012) Persistent perceptual delay for head movement onset relative to auditory stimuli of different durations and rise times
Experimental Brain Research Epub ahead.
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Venrooij J , , , , und Bülthoff HH (May-2012) A New View On Biodynamic Feedthrough Analysis: Unifying the Effects on Forces and Positions
IEEE Transactions on Systems, Man, and Cybernetics, Part B: Cybernetics . akzeptiert |
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Soyka F , Robuffo Giordano P , Barnett-Cowan M und Bülthoff HH (May-2012) Modeling direction discrimination thresholds for yaw rotations around an earth-vertical axis for arbitrary motion profiles
Experimental Brain Research . akzeptiert |
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Fischer E , Logothetis NK , Bülthoff HH und Bartels A (April-2012) Visual Motion Responses in the Posterior Cingulate Sulcus: A Comparison to V5/MT and MST
Cerebral Cortex 22(4) 865-876.
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Schultz J , Brockhaus M , Bülthoff HH und Pilz K (April-2012) What the Human Brain Likes About Facial Motion
Cerebral Cortex Epub ahead.
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Franchi A , , Ryll M , Bülthoff HH und Robuffo Giordano P (April-2012) Bilateral Shared Control of Multiple Quadrotors: Balancing autonomy and human assistance with a group of UAVs
IEEE Robotics & Automation Magazine . akzeptiert |
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Chuang LL , Vuong QC und Bülthoff HH (April-2012) Characteristic non-rigid object motion is a view-invariant cue to recognizing novel objects
Frontiers in Computational Neuroscience . akzeptiert |
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Fischer E , Bülthoff HH , Logothetis NK und Bartels A (March-2012) Human Areas V3A and V6 Compensate for Self-Induced Planar Visual Motion
Neuron 73(6) 1228-1240.
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, Butler JS , , , Bülthoff HH und (March-2012) Neural correlates of oddball detection in self-motion heading: A high-density event-related potential study of vestibular integration
Experimental Brain Research Epub ahead.
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Kaulard K , Cunningham DW , Bülthoff HH und Wallraven C (March-2012) The MPI Facial Expression Database: A Validated Database of Emotional and Conversational Facial Expressions
PLoS One 7(3) 1-18.
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Frankenstein J , Mohler BJ , Bülthoff HH und Meilinger T (February-2012) Is the Map in Our Head Oriented North?
Psychological Science 23(2) 120-125.
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Meilinger T , Franz G und Bülthoff HH (January-2012) From Isovists via Mental Representations to Behaviour: First Steps Toward Closing the Causal Chain
Environment and Planning B: Planning and Design 39(1) 48-62.
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Dopjans L , Bülthoff HH und Wallraven C (January-2012) Serial exploration of faces: Comparing vision and touch
Journal of Vision 12(1:6) 1-14.
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Franchi A , , Son HI , Bülthoff HH und Robuffo Giordano P (January-2012) Bilateral Teleoperation of Groups of Mobile Robots with Time-Varying Topology
IEEE Transaction on Robotics . akzeptiert |
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Son HI , , und Bülthoff HH (January-2012) A Psychophysical Evaluation of Teleoperator's Viscosity Perception of Soft Environments
IEEE Transactions on Control Systems Technology . eingereicht |
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Curio C , Giese MA , Breidt M , Kleiner M und Bülthoff HH (January-2012) Facial Action Perception After-Effects in Humans investigated by Animation
- . eingereicht |
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Son HI , Franchi A , , Kim J , Bülthoff HH und Robuffo Giordano P (January-2012) Human-Centered Design and Evaluation of Haptic Cueing for Teleoperation of Multiple Mobile Robots
IEEE Transactions on Systems, Man, and Cybernetics B: Cybernetics . eingereicht |
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Campos JL , Butler JS und Bülthoff HH (January-2012) The effect of visual and proprioceptive gain change on the integration of visual and body-based cues when walking
- . in Vorbereitung |
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Butler JS , Campos JL und Bülthoff HH (January-2012) Visual-vestibular cue combination during temporal asynchrony
- . in Vorbereitung |
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Campos JL , Butler JS und Bülthoff HH (January-2012) Visual, proprioceptive, and inertial cue-weighting during travelled distance perception
- . in Vorbereitung |
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Fleming RW , Holtmann-Rice D und Bülthoff HH (December-2011) Estimation of 3D shape from image orientations
Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America 108(51) 20438-20443.
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Souman JL , Robuffo Giordano P , , Frissen I , , , , Bülthoff HH und Ernst M (November-2011) CyberWalk: Enabling unconstrained omnidirectional walking through virtual environments
ACM Transactions on Applied Perception 8(4:25) 1-22.
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Dahl CD , Logothetis NK , Bülthoff HH und Wallraven C (October-2011) Second-Order Relational Manipulations Affect Both Humans and Monkeys
PLoS One 6(10) 1-7.
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Dodds TJ , Mohler BJ und Bülthoff HH (October-2011) Talk to the Virtual Hands: Self-Animated Avatars Improve Communication in Head-Mounted Display Virtual Environments
PLoS One 6(10) 1-12.
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Streuber S , , , Bülthoff HH und de la Rosa S (October-2011) The effect of social context on the use of visual information
Experimental Brain Research 214(2) 273-284.
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Schomaker J , Tesch J , Bülthoff HH und Bresciani JP (September-2011) It is all me: the effect of viewpoint on visual–vestibular recalibration
Experimental Brain Research 243(2-3) 245-256.
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Gaissert N , Bülthoff HH und Wallraven C (September-2011) Similarity and categorization: From vision to touch
Acta Psychologica 138(1) 219-230.
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Butler JS , Campos JL , Bülthoff HH und Smith ST (September-2011) The Role of Stereo Vision in Visual-Vestibular Integration
Seeing and Perceiving 24(5) 453-470.
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Reichenbach A , Bresciani J-P , , Bülthoff HH und Thielscher A (July-2011) Contributions of the PPC to online control of visually guided reaching movements assessed with fMRI-guided TMS
Cerebral Cortex 21(7) 1602-1612.
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Ruddle RA , Volkova E und Bülthoff HH (June-2011) Walking improves your cognitive map in environments that are large-scale and large in extent
ACM Transactions on Computer-Human Interaction 18(2:10) 1-22.
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Last updated: Monday, 16.01.2012